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Europa

Europa has a mean orbital radius of 671079 km and its orbital period is 3.55 days. The radius is 1560.8 km and the rotation period is synchronous to the orbital pe- [Pg.73]

The thickness of the ice shell is still not clear. One method to estimate this value is to observe rotation variations (librations) of Europa. Calculations show, that the presence of an ocean increases the amplitude of libration by about 10%, depending mainly on the thickness of the icy shell are to be expected (van Hoolst et al., 2008 [345]). [Pg.75]

Is it possible to observe a subsurface ocean of Europafrom measurements made at its surface Khurana et al., 2002 [184] showed how electromagnetic and seismic observations made from as few as two surface observatories comprising a magnetometer and a seismometer offer the best hope of unambiguous characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the ocean and the deeper interior of this moon. [Pg.75]

Head and Tobie (2002, [313]) showed that the ice viscosity on Europa in connection with tidal heating will lead to heating of rising diapirs. This would result in a disruption of near-surface material and the formation of lenticulae and chaos. Also a relatively thick ice sheet of 20 km overlying an ocean might produce such effects. [Pg.75]

Evidence for a warm subsurface ocean comes from the forms of chaotic terrain and the estimate of the age of the surface (Melosh et al., 2002 [227]). In this context the term warm means that most of the ocean is at the temperature of maximum density (Melosh et al., 2004 [228]). [Pg.76]

The composition of a Europan ocean has a major bearing on the suitability of this ocean for life. It has been hypothesized that a Europan ocean could be (1) a neutral Na-Mg-S04-H20 solution, (2) an alkaline Na-SC 4-C03 solution, or (3) an acidic Na-H-Mg-SC 4 system (Kargel et al. 2000 Marion 2001, 2002 Kempe and Kazmierczak 2002). Simulations of these three alternatives and their bearing on potential life on Europa are discussed below. [Pg.141]

Kargel (2001), Thomson and Delaney (2001), and O Brien et al. (2002) have hypothesized that a Europan ocean could become thermally and com-positionally stratified. Disturbance and overturning of this ocean could lead to exsolution of gases and a massive thermal flux to the surface via cryo-volcanism (Fig. 5.21). Such massive fluxes, if frequent enough, could play an important role in cycling oxidants compared with the presumably slower process of solid-phase convective flow in the soft ice. There may also be hydrothermal vents in a Europan ocean. If massive enough, these vents could [Pg.141]

Copper 86 Copper Tomorrow, Conference Proceedings, Europa MetaUi-LMI, Florence, Italy, 1986. [Pg.237]

Europa Boulevard Warrington WA5 5UN United Kingdom www.hiden.co.uk... [Pg.297]

Moody, G. M. and McColl, P., 1997. In Proceedings of Filtech Europa Conference, The Filtration Society, Dusseldorf, Germany, p.393-406... [Pg.121]

Mittel-ding, n. intermediate, cross, -druck, m. medium pressure, -eck, n., -ecke,/. Cryst.) lateral summit, -erz, n. ore of medium value. -Europa, n. Central Europe. mitteleuropSisch, a. Central-European. Mittel-farbe, /. intermediate color secondary color, -fehler, m. average error, mean er-... [Pg.301]

EU Pharmaceutical legislation on CD http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/pharmaceuticals/eudralex/homecd.htm... [Pg.19]

European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/pharmaceuticals/index en.htm. http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/medical devices/index en.htm. European Medicines Agency... [Pg.42]

European Medicines Agency non-harmonised guidance documents http //www.emea.europa.eu/htms/human/humanguidelines/nondinical.htm. [Pg.71]

The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union, Volume 1, Legislation Human, Volume 5, Legislation Veterinary, http //ec.europa.eu/ enterprise/pharmaceuticals/eudralex/index.htm. [Pg.235]

EEA- European Environmental Agency (2000) Nutrients in European ecosystems. Environmental Assessment report No 4. Available at http //www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ ENVIASSRP04 (June 2009)... [Pg.191]

ARGUS (2000) The behaviour of PVC in landfill. Final report February 2000. Report prepared for the European Commission Environment Directorate (DGXI.E.3) by ARGUS (Germany) in association with Professor Spillmann (University of Rostook, Germany), Carl Bro (Denmark), and Sigma Plan (Greeoe) (http //ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pve/landfill.pdf). [Pg.44]

C and 5 N values were determined by mass spectrometry (MM 903, VG Isogas), equipped with a CN elemental analyzer (Roboprep CN, Europa Scientific). As control for sample purity, C N ratios from the elemental analyser were compared with C N ratios as calculated from the amino acid profile of the same sample. [Pg.177]

Commission of the European Communities (COM) (2004) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament Stimulating Technologies for Sustainable Development An Environmental Technologies Action Plan for the European Union. 38 final. http //ec.europa.eu/environment/etap/ pdfs/com 004 etap en.pdf. (Accessed May 2010). [Pg.162]

Giuho Lensi Orlandi, Cosimo e Francesco de Medici Alchimisti (Florence Nardini Edisione, 1978). See also Council of Europe, Astrologia, magia e alchimia nel Rinascimento fiorentino ed europeo in exhibition catalogue to Seventeenth European Exhibition of Art, Science and Culture. Firenze e la Toscana dei Medici nell Europa del Cinquecento (Florence Edisioni Medicei, 1980). [Pg.4]

Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the patentability of Computer-Implemented Inventions, COM (2002) 92 final. Available from URL http //europa.eu.int/comm/internal market/en/indprop/comp/ com02-92en.pdf. [Pg.713]

EU White Paper on Chemicals Policy http //europa.eu.int.comm/environ-ment/chemicals/whitepaper.htm. [Pg.301]

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Europa , potassium

Europa subsurface ocean

Europa-light

Olea europa

Polimeri Europa

Polimeri Europa Kostil

Polimeri Europa process

Water Europa

Wyeth Europa

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