EU regulations

EU regulations require the submission of a Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) as part of the product information section. Specific templates and guidance are... 

The EU regulations permit veterinarians to treat animals with animal drugs that have not been authorised for that species or, alternatively to use human drugs, in situations where there is no authorised drug for treatment of the condition in the species. 

European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC — This directive provides detailed rules on colors. Schedules attached to these EU regulations set out the following lists ... 

In the food industry, synthetic dyes can be used also in the form of lakes obtained by precipitation of a soluble colorant onto an insoluble base. There are several insoluble bases, but only alumina is permitted for food application by FDA and EU regulation. All the synthetic food dyes can be obtained and used in food in the form of aluminium lakes, except erythrosine due to concerns about inorganic iodine content. 

However, the cost of simple substitution and shallow innovation can be substantial. The new EU regulations on Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) are expected to result in a large number of chemicals that are currently freely available to vanish from the market. Formulated commercial products such as inks, adhesives and paints can contain up to 60 individual chemicals in one formulation. If one of these is withdrawn as a result of REACH, the potential costs of reformulation can be very high. 

Criteria which are suitable for regulatory purposes, to cope with a reduction of the risk complying with the EU regulations, the REACH legislation provides a good guidance on the requirements, since QSAR models are explicitly mentioned within the law, in Annex XI. 

This article analyzes the question How can the outcome of the project RISKCYCLE influence European legislation In fact, there are many possible ways in which the outcomes of the project RISKCYCLE can influence EU regulation. 

PCP was widely applied by the leather industry before the 1990s for improving the biocidal activity of raw hides and skins. Due to the risk of transformation into dioxin during burning, the use of PCP and its salts and esters in leather manufacturing is not allowed in the EU according to EU Regulation 1997/2006 (Annex XVII) [12],... 

Short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) are those with a chain length of C10-C13. EU Regulation 1907/2006 [12] restricts the marketing and sale of SCCP in preparations to a maximum of 1%. SCCP were mainly in the past used as fatliquors, but other alternatives are available in the market. The use of SCCP is also restricted by many eco-labels and RSL. 

Perfluorinated chemicals such as PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are usually restricted by brands and eco-labels. Furthermore, the EU regulates the content of PFOS in consumer products on the market. The use of PFOS and PFOA is also restricted by the Stockholm Convention on POPs although some exemptions exist. PFOS are still produced and used in several countries and can be used in the coating of leather. 

Table 8.1 General principles for organic poultry production according to the EU regulation...

Sundrum A, Schneider K and Richter U (2005), Possibilities and limitations of protein supply in organic poultry and pig production , Report of the EU-project, Research to Support Revision of the EU Regulation on Organic Agriculture, no. SSPE-CT-2004— 502397. 

Local certification has a number of advantages, not least that it is one way to reduce costs to producers in developing countries via locally determined fees reflecting local incomes (Barrett et al., 2001). To be accepted by the European Union (EU), local certification bodies are required to demonstrate that their standards of organic production and inspection are equivalent to EU regulations. The standards need not necessarily be identical, however, and as such this means more locally appropriate standards can be set in place. For example, local certification bodies may well allow the use of such natural pesticides that would not normally be allowed under EU Standards (Myers, 2000). 

Worldwide, there are numerous plasma system designs for treatment of all types of wastes. Economical considerations limit their commercial applications to the most profitable actions. Presently they commercially operate in Switzerland and Germany for low level nuclear waste vitrification, in France and the USA for asbestos waste vitrification, in the USA and Australia for hazardous waste treatment, in Japan and France for municipal fly ash vitrification. The most of installations is working in Japan because there 70% of municipal waste is incinerated and the ash can not be used as landfill. EU Regulations banning the disposal to landfill of toxic and hazardous wastes after year 2002 may cause wider use of plasma waste destruction technology in Europe. 

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