3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene

Thiophenes 81a and 81b, which bear carboxylic acid functionalities, have been mercurated using a variety of mercury salts, including Hg(OAc)2 and Hg(OCOCF3)2. When Hg(OAc)2 is employed, these reactions afford a mixture of monomercurated 82a and 82b and dimercurated products 83a and 83b (Equation (32)).101 Dimercuration is also observed when 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 84 is treated with Hg(OAc)2 to form 85 (Equation (33)).102... 

M. Vazquez, J. Bobacka, M. Luostarinen, K. Rissanen, A. Lewenstam, and A. Ivaska, Potentiometric sensors based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with sulfonated calix[4]arene and calix[4]resorcarenes. J. Solid State Electrochem. 9, 312-319 (2005). 

S. Viswanathan, L.-C. Wu, M.-R. Huang, and J.-A.A. Ho, Electrochemical immunosensor for cholera toxin using liposomes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated carbon nanotubes. Anal. Chem. 78, 1115-1121 (2006). 

M. Kanungo, D.N. Srivastava, A. Kumar, and A.Q. Contractor, Conductimetric immunosensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Chem. Comm. 7, 680-681 (2002). 

PEDOT PSS Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrenesulphonic acid) PPV Poly[(m-phenylenevinylene)-c >-(2,5-dioctoxy-p-... 

M.P. de Jong, L.J. van Ijzendoorm, and M.J.A. de Voigt, Stability of the interface between indium-tin-oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) in polymer light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77 2255-2257, 2000. 

S. Garreau, G. Louarn, J.P. Buisson, G. Froyer, and S. Lefrant, In-situ spectroelectrochemical Raman studies of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), Macromolecules, 32 6807-6812, 1999. 

Bhandari, S. Deepa, M. Srivastava, A. K. Lai, C. Kant, R., Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (Pedot)-Coated Mwcnts tethered to conducting substrates Facile electrochemistry and enhanced coloring efficiency. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009, 30,138-138. 

Baytron , a conducting polymer [154] derived from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, is a commercially available product that can be used as an antistatic or electrostatic coating of plastics and glass. Moreover, it has successfully been applied as counterelectrode in capacitors and as a hole-injection layer in organic light-emitting diodes [155]. 

PEDOT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid)... 

Ghosh S, Rasmusson J, Inganaes O. Supramolecularself-assembly for enhanced conductivity in conjugated polymer blends. Ionic crosslinking in blends of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styiene sulfonate) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Adv Mater 1998 10 1097-1099. 

Aleshin A, Kiehooms R, Menon R, Heeger AJ (1997) Electronic transport in doped poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) near the metal-insulator transition. Synth Met 90 61-68... 

Bruno FF, Nagarajan R, Roy S, Kumar J, Samuelson LA (2003) Biomimetic synthesis of water soluble conductive polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). J Macromol Sci A Pure Appl Chem A 40(12) 1327-1333... 

Rumbau V, Pomposo JA, Eleta A, Rodriguez J, Grande H, Mecerreyes D, Ochoteco E (2007) Eirst enzymatic synthesis of water-soluble conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Biomacromolecules 8(2) 315-317... 

Nagarajan R, Bruno FF, Samuelson LA, Kumar J (2004) Thiophene oligomer as a redox mediator for the biocatalytic synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [PEDOT]. Polym Prepr 45 195-196... 

Kirchmeyer S, Reuter K (2005) Scientific importance, properties and growing applications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). J Mater Chem 15 2077-2088... 

A glass substrate carrying an ITO film having a thickness of 150 nm was spin coated with 70 nm of poly(3,4)ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrenesulfonic acid thin film and then dried at 200°C for 10 minutes. A 50-nm coating of a selected experimental agent was sprayed onto the initial film and dried. Lithium fluoride, calcium, and aluminum were then vapor-deposited at 0.4 nm, of 5 and 180nm, respectively. 

Poly[2-methoxy-5-(3, 7 -dimethyloctyloxy)]-l,4-phenylene vinylene Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)... 

An alkaloid pain reliever, morphine, is an often abused drug. Chronoampero-metric MIP chemosensors have been devised for its determination [204]. In these chemosensors, a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film was deposited by electropolymerization in ACN onto an ITO electrode in the presence of the morphine template to serve as the sensing element [204], Electrocatalytic current of morphine oxidation has been measured at 0.75 V vs AglAgCllKClsat (pH = 5.0) as the detection signal. A linear dependence of the measured steady-state current on the morphine concentration extended over the range of 0.1-1 mM with LOD for morphine of 0.2 mM. The chemosensor successfully discriminated morphine and its codeine analogue. Furthermore, a microfluidic MIP system combined with the chronoamperometric transduction has been devised for the determination of morphine [182] with appreciable LOD for morphine of 0.01 mM at a flow rate of 92.3 pL min-1 (Table 6). 

The prepolymer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) has been made in good yield from a pair of diols (Equation 15) <2002CC2690>. 

Polypyrrole was the first conducting polymer used as ion-to-electron transducer in solid-state ISEs [43], and is still one of the most frequently used [45-68]. Other conducting polymers that have been applied as ion-to-electron transducers in solid-state ISEs include poly(l-hexyl-3,4-dimethylpyrrole) [69,70], poly(3-octylthiophene) [44,70-74], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [75-86], poly(3-methylthiophene) [87], polyaniline [44,67,73,88-99], polyindole [100,101], poly(a-naphthylamine) [102], poly(o-anisidine) [67] and poly(o-aminophenol) [103], The monomer structures are shown in Fig. 4.1. 

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