STYRENESULPHONIC ACID

PEDOT PSS Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrenesulphonic acid) PPV Poly[(m-phenylenevinylene)-c >-(2,5-dioctoxy-p-... 

Radiation-induced grafting29 was used for the preparation of low-cost polyelectrolyte membranes needed for fuel-cells30. Guzman-Garcia and coworkers29 studied the grafting of poly(styrenesulphonic acid)on polystyrene on a copolymer of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with polystyrene, and with a copolymer of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with poly(perfluoropropylene). 

Groenendaal [3] prepared water soluble 4-(2,3-dihydro thieno[3,4-b)][l,4] dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-butane-l-sulfonic acid sodium salt, (IV), and copolymers with poly(styrenesulphonic acid) having a of 290,000 daltons that were used in electroconductive devices. 

The introduction of bridging groups on the thiophene ring modifies the physical and chemical properties of the polymers obtained. The energy of the optical absorption is reduced in FEDOT, Fig. 9.2(k), and poly(ijothia-naphthalene), (PITN) (Wudl et al., 1984), so that in the conductive state thin films are transparent. PEDOT shows high electrochemical stability in the oxidised state and, when combined with poly(styrenesulphonic acid) counter ions, can be processed from aqueous solution. 

Figure 3.18 further suggests that, in addition to the imine nitrogen atoms, almost all the amine nitrogen of an EM based film is also susceptible to protonation by the non-volatile acid. The observation has been further confirmed in the protonation of EM films by other nonvolatile protonic acids, such as H2SO4 [174], poly(4-styrenesulphonic acid) (PSSAc) [173], and dodecyl-benzenesulphonic acid (DBSA) [174]. In all of these cases, the Nls core-level spectra reveal, unambiguously, [N ]/[N] ratios substantially above 0.5. Protona-... 

Structme and physical properties of PPy, 672 Structme of doped polythiophenes, 115 Styrenesulphonic acid, 750 Substituted bithiophenes, 93 Substituted diphenylacetylenes, 811 Substituted oligomers, 93 Substituted polyacetylene, 227. 243 Substituted poly(alkylthiophenes), 833 Substituted polyanilmes, 838. 853 Substituted polypyrroles, 819. 849... 

The apparatus is described and details given of its use with PETP homopolymer, PS/poly(vinyl methyl ether) miscible blend and styrene-styrenesulphonic acid copolymer/ethyl acrylate-4-vinylpyridine copolymer ionomer blend with ionic interactions. Orientation and relaxation curves were obtained for all three samples. It is concluded that the technique is very efficient for obtaining curves with high precision. For these three systems, the relaxation rate increases with temperature. 

Poly(styrene-co-styrenesulphonic acid) copolymers containing 2 to 10 mol % acidic units were mixed in stoichiometric amounts of interacting groups with... 

The reaction of AICI3 vapour at 115 °C with cross-linked poly(styrenesulphonic acid) yields complexes within the resin having proton donor properties comparable with the sup>eracid solution of SbF, and FSO3H. The modified resin is capable of isomerizing and cracking n-hexane. The polymers probably contain structures (7), (8), and (9). Structure (9) could account for the powerful proton donor properties. 

Chromatographic and enzymic studies of the insoluble residues obtained by hydrolysis of various cereal starches with acid have suggested a new model for the structure of waxy maize amylopectin. A review dealing with the mechanism of action of a-amylases has discussed the compositions of the residual oligosaccharides. The results of a study of the catalytic activity of poly(acrylic acid-styrenesulphonic acid) towards amylose in aqueous solution at low pH indicated that interactions between the carboxy-groups of the copolymer and the hydroxy-groups of the substrate make no contribution to the rate of reaction. ... 

One possible way of polymer waste management is the chemical modification of polymeric materials. Sulkowski et al. (2013) used expanded polystyrene waste (EPS), as the reference material, which was converted into polymeric flocculants by the sulfonation reaction. Under conventional heating and microwave conditions, poly(styrenesulphonate) acids (EPSS) were obtained from EPS during the sulfonation process with sulfuric acid as the sulfonation agent and Ag SO as the catalyst. It was observed that the sulfonation process performed under microwave irradiation gave same amount of product as in case of conventional conditions but the reaction time was substantially reduced from 1-1.30 h to 15 min. 

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