Ethylene synthesis

Mattoo, A.K., and Lieberman, M., 1977, Localization of the ethylene-synthesizing system in apple tissue. Plant Physiol. 60 794-799. 

Sabatier P, Senderens J-B (1897) Action du Nickel sur I Ethylene. Syntheses de I Ethane. C R Acad Sci Paris 124 1358-1360... 

Palladium, (diammine)bis(thiocyanato)-isomerism, 1, 185 Palladium, dichlorobis(amine)-substitution reactions stereochemistry, 1, 318 Palladium, dichlorobis(pyridine)-substitution reactions, 1, 314 Palladium, dinitritobis(triisopropylphosphine)-substitution reactions, I, 314 Palladium, ethylene-synthesis... 

Fig. 1. Promotion of ethylene synthesis by MG pericarp discs following treatment with water or varying concentrations (uronic acid equivalents) of B fruit water soluble fraction. Bars indicate SEs for the means of measurements of sets of 8 discs/teatment fr wt, Fresh weight.

Delayed fruit ripening due to reduced ethylene synthesis... 

Tomato Agritrope/1996 5-Adenosylmethionine hydrolase Escherichia coli bacteriophage T3 Delayed fruit ripening due to reduced ethylene synthesis... 

Saltveit ME and Mencarelli F. 1988. Inhibition of ethylene synthesis and action in ripening tomato fruit by ethanol vapors. J Am Soc Hort Sci 113 572—576. 

The ACS function is known only in higher plants. The activity of ACS isozymes is a key regulatory factor of ethylene biosynthesis pathway. In general, microorganisms liberate ethylene but their ethylene synthesis pathways do not involve ACC as an intermediate. Penicillium citrinum is the first reported microorganism that is able to synthesize ACC from SAM and to degrade it into ammonia and a-ketobutyrate, not to ethylene. ACS from P. citrinum shows a 100-fold higher for SAM than its plant counterparts. ... 

It has been evidenced that auxin and ACC stimulate ethylene production in some lower plants, for example, in the moss Funaria hygrometrica and in the ferns Pteridium aquilinum and Matteuccia struthiopteris Moreover, ethylene synthesis via the ACC-dependent pathway and in the presence of endogenous ACC and its conjugate in marine unicellular Acetabularia algae was reported. Probably during the evolution of land plants, a relatively primitive pathway of ethylene production was replaced by the ACC-dependent synthesis pathway that now predominates. 

In etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis, low doses of cytokinin (0.5-10 mmol stimulate ethylene synthesis. It has been shown that cytokinin decreases the rapid turnover of the wild-type ACS5. ° The cytokinin probably acts both by blocking the interaction of the C-terminus with Etol and by stabilizing ACS5 isozyme in an additional till now unknown manner. 

In orchid flower Phalaenopsis sp.), ethylene synthesis is regulated hy the coordinated expression of three... 

In contrast, certain pathogens influence ethylene production involved in plant defense for their own benefit. Several of them are able to upregulate ethylene synthesis in plants as shown, for example, in virus- or bacteria-infected tobacco and citrus, respectively. ... 

During drought stress, ABA regulates stomatal closure, whereas increased ethylene production has an inhibitory influence on ABA action. An inhibition of ethylene synthesis delays drought-associated chlorophyll loss, supporting the role of ethylene in drought-induced senescence. °°... 

However, it should be pointed out here that not all plants follow the same synthetic pathway for ethylene. Lower plants (liverworts, mosses, ferns, lycopods) do not produce it from methionine, nor from ACC—an alternative ethylene pathway therefore exists (Osborne et al., 1996). In evolutionary terms this is very significant and it remains to be established whether any cells in higher plants still retain this earlier primitive route for ethylene synthesis as part of their metabolic repertoire. 

Regulation of gene expression, ethylene synthesis and ripening in transgenic tomatoes... 

Ethylene synthesis and gene expression during ripening... 

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