Synthesis of Ethylene and Propylene Copolymers

Copolymerisation of ethylene and propylene is carried out using Ziegler-Natta catalysts in heavy hydrocarbon solvents or in liquid propylene CH2 = CHj + CH2 = CH-CHj - CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-. 

Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) (I) or ethylidene norbornene (ENB) (II) are generally used as the third monomer, whereas hydrogen is used as the agent controlling the MW. 

Like any other polymer, the EPR being produced in an uncontrolled process shows a nonuniform MWD. During copolymerisation, diffusion resistance affects the MWD of a polymer since the rate constant of hydrogen addition, used for MW control, is several orders less than the rate constants of the monomer copolymerisation. Ultimately, the monomer concentration to hydrogen ratios, change significantly through the 

To estimate the efficiency of using tubular turbulent divergent-convergent-type reactors for the preparation of a uniform liquid-gas mixture with a developed phase contact surface, in the case of EPR production, it is advisable to study the quality of dispersion systems obtained in these types of reactors compared with stirred tank reactors. 

Based on experimental data for stirred tank reactors, the following equations for calculating the mean diameter of the dispersion phase particles in the mixing zone for the liquid-gas system were obtained [38]  

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