Ethylene propylene liquid polymer

The most important olefins used for the production of petrochemicals are ethylene, propylene, the butylenes, and isoprene. These olefins are usually coproduced with ethylene by steam cracking ethane, LPG, liquid petroleum fractions, and residues. Olefins are characterized by their higher reactivities compared to paraffinic hydrocarbons. They can easily react with inexpensive reagents such as water, oxygen, hydrochloric acid, and chlorine to form valuable chemicals. Olefins can even add to themselves to produce important polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Ethylene is the most important olefin for producing petrochemicals, and therefore, many sources have been sought for its production. The following discusses briefly, the properties of these olefmic intermediates. 

Natural Rubber and Synthetic Polyisoprene Polybutadiene and Its Copolymers Polyisobutylene and Its Copolymers Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers and Terpolymers Polychloroprene Silicone Elastomers Fluorocarbon Elastomers Fluorosilicone Elastomers Electron Beam Processing of Liquid Systems Grafting and Other Polymer Modifications... 

Liquid polymers are useful as tackifiers for rubbers, 72) and acrylic coatings. The most interesting are hydroxytelechelic polybutadienes, especially liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile (85/15) copolymers (trademark CN-15, ARCO). This product, known since 1971 as a tackifier, has the following characteristics viscosity 493 poises at 30 °C, tv[n = 4400, hydroxyl number/chain = 2.5. The incorporation of 5% of CN-15 in ethylene-propylene rubber (EPT Nordel 1070) increases its tack considerably 173) close to that of natural rubber or butyl rubbers (Table 4.1). 

A base polymer, such as an ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer, can be acquired in a range of compositions, molecular weights, various ethylene-to-propylene ratios, various molecular weight distributions, and a range of densities. Each of these variations results in a base polymer that has specific practical properties such as flexibility, elastic recovery, tensile strength and thermal limit to name a few. As a base polymer, ethylene-propylene polymers and most other non-crosslinked elastomers have no significant commercial application, since they are essentially a liquid with veiy high viscosity. 

Polymeric nanocomposites are a class of relatively new materials with ample potential applications. Products with commercial applications appeared during the last decade [1], and much industrial and academic interest has been created. Reports on the manufacture of nanocomposites include those made with polyamides [2-5], polyolefins [6-9], polystyrene (PS) and PS copolymers [10, 11], ethylene vinyl alcohol [12-15], acrylics [16-18], polyesters [19, 20], polycarbonate [21, 22], liquid crystalline polymers [8, 23-25], fluoropolymers [26-28], thermoset resins [29-31], polyurethanes [32-37], ethylene-propylene oxide [38], vinyl carbazole [39, 40], polydiacethylene [41], and polyimides (Pis) [42], among others. 

Ethylene-propylene rubbers reception process in acting productions is usually realized in reactors-polymerizers of volume about 16 m at intensive mechanical mixing. The height of reaction volume infill is 60%. Introduction of reaction mixture components directly into stirred reactor of large volume with mixer (Fig. 5.16) as a rule does not provide uniform saturation of liquid products by monomers and hydrogen that due to diffusion limitations appearance leads to broadening of MMD of resulted polymer products (see 1.4.3). 

Coordinated anionic polymerizations with Ziegler-Natta catalysts yield similar polymers that range from viscous liquids to rubbery solids. At 0 °C, a catalyst with a 1 16 Ti to A1 molar ratio yields a polymer with a molecular weight of 5000-6000. The molecular weight, however, is dependent upon the reaction time. This contrasts with polymerizations of ethylene, propylene, and 1-butene by such catalysts, where the molecular weights of the products are independent of the reaction time. In addition, there are some questions about the exact molecular structures of the products. ... 

Matty polymers may be used for produetion of wire and cable. These include polyethylene, crosslinked polyethylene, chlorosnlfonated polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, polyvinylchloride, bntyl robber, styrene bntadiene rubber, silicone rubber, natural robber, polyisoprene robber, polyurethane, nitrile butadiene rubber, polychloroprene, polysulfone, thermoplastie elastomers, polyimide, and polyamides. Selection of polymer(s) depends on projected conditions of service such as temperature, presence of corrosive liquids, surrounding temperature, quality of insulation, etc. 

Melt compounding is most commonly utilized for the preparation of PO/silica nanocomposites. POs and their blends, such as PP [326-337], PE [338-343], ethylene-propylene copolymer [344-354], ethylene-octene copolymer [347], thermoplastic POs [348-350], PP/ EPDM [351,352], and PP/liquid-crystalline polymer (LCP) [353-357] blends, have been used as the matrices in the preparation of PO/silica nanosystems and nanomaterials by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding or lab-scale single-screw extrusion and compression molding. 

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene High Density Polyethylene High Performance Polyamide Liquid Crystalline Polymer Low Density Polyethylene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Medium Density Polyethylene Polyamide (Nylon)... 

There are two types of disparities between the steady-state and dynamic flow behavior, one related to the interlayer slip (Eq. (2.56)) and the second to the flow engendered migration of the low viscosity component to the high stress location. Blends of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with polycarbonate (PC) or poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) may serve as an example of the first type [321,322], whereas those of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) with poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluor-opropylene), Viton , exemplify the second [323-325]. In both cases the steady-state shearing was performed in a capillary viscometer- the viscosity ratio of the dynamic to the steady-state data for these two blends was about two and six, respectively. 

Polyester, saturated n. Any polyester in which the polyester backbone has no double bonds. The class includes low-molecular-weight liquids used as plasticizers and as reactants in forming urethane polymers and linear, high-molecular-weight thermoplastics such as polyethylene terephthalate. Usual reactants for the saturated polyesters are (1) a glycol such as ethylene-, propylene-, diethylene-, dipropylene-, or butylene glycol (2) An acid or anhydride such as adipic, azelaic, or terephthalic acid or phthalic anhydride. Some saturated, branched polyesters are used in high-temperature varnishes and adhesives. 

Abraham et al. [158] were the first ones to propose saturating commercially available microporous polyolefin separators (e.g., Celgard ) with a solution of lithium salt in a photopolymerizable monomer and a nonvolatile electrolyte solvent. The resulting batteries exhibited low discharge rate capability due to the significant occlusion of the pores with the polymer binder and the low ionic conductivity of this plasticized electrolyte system. Dasgupta and Jacobs [157,168] patented several variants of the process for the fabrication of bonded-electrode lithium-ion batteries, in which a microporous separator and electrode were coated with a liquid electrolyte solution, such as ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) copolymer and then bonded under elevated temperature and pressure conditions. This method required that the whole cell assembling process be carried out in scrupulously anhydrous conditions, which make this approach difficult, and expensive. 

The insulation system for pitched roofs usually provides the advantage of a continuous, homogeneous insulating layer with an economy in construction. Bitumen (asphalt) as well as its different versions modified with various polymers and a number of different roofing membranes, i.e., preformed or liquid applied sheets of PVC, terpolymer of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (Hypalon), PU, butyl rubber, polychloroprene (Neoprene) [36], all have been used as insulating layers. 

For reviews on NMR analysis of EP copolymers see, for example (a) Bovey, F. A. Mirau, P. A. NMR of Polymers. Academic Press San Diego, 1996. (b) Randall, J. C. A review of high-resolution liquid carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance characterizations of ethylene-based polymers. 7. Mac-romol. Set, Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1989, C29, 201-317. (c) Randall, J. C. Polymer Sequence Determination. Academic Press New York, 1977. (d) For NMR analysis on EP copolymers from metallocenes see, for example Tritto, I. Fan, Z. Q. Locatelli, P Sacchi, M. C. Camurati, I. Galimberti, M. NMR studies of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared with homogeneous metallocene-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3342-3350. 

Chakraborty S, Sahoo N G, Jana G K and Das C K (2004) Self-reinforcing elastomer composites based on ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and liquid-crystalline polymer, J Appl Polym Sa 93 711-718. 

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