Ethylene glycol acetate from

Ethylene glycol, acetals from, 719 manufacture of, 234 uses of, 234... 

J. Gong, etc. Synthesis of benzaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal from benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation 88.3 [215]... 

If the additional substance stays in the residue, the process is called extractive distillation of aqueous solutions. The separations of various alcohols, ethylene glycol, acetic acid, acetone, and nitric acid from water is an example in which extractive distillation has been used or proposed. References (108) and (126) describe processes. 

Both, esters and tertiary amino groups are tolerated, giving rise to products 6f and 6h which are useful as centers for dendrimeric structures. The pentakisalde-hyde 6g was obtained from 4-bromobenzaldehyde protected as the ethylene glycol acetal. Attempts to use heterocyclic bromides for arylation were hitherto unsuccessful. 

Syntheses of acetals of atropaldehyde have been reported previously, but all required either multistep sequences or difficultly accessible starting materials.5,6 Thus the ethylene glycol acetal has been prepared from 2-phenylpropanal in a three-step procedure.5 Ring openings of dihalocyclopropanes to give acetals are well known.7-10 The reaction of l,l-dichloro-2-phenylcyclopropane with methanolic sodium methoxide has been shown to give 1-phenyl-2,2-dimethoxycyclopropane. u... 

From the diacetate ester (Figure 7.13), an ion-molecule complex consisting of the neutral ketene and the complementary alcoholate is formed. Either this complex dissociates to yield the ethylene glycol acetate anion A, which further fragments to yield the acetate anion E, or a proton transfer from the ketene to the alcoholate occurs in the complex, which after dissociation yields the ynolate ion G. 

A mixture of ethylene glycol, acetic anhydride, and difluoronitroacetic acid stirred vigorously for 15 min., whereby the temp, rises to 100-110 glycol diacetate. Y ca. 100%.—The catalytic power of the difluoronitroacetic acid stems from the formation of a mixed anhydride, which is a powerful acylating agent. F. e. s. A. V. Fokin, A. A. Skladnev, and V. A. Komarov, X, 33, 3271 (1963) G. A. 60, 3999g. 

Acetonides can also he produced directly from epoxides and acetone using anhyd CUSO4, and acetal exchange can he used to deprotect ethylene glycol acetals under very mild conditions (eq 3). Anhyd CUSO4 has also heen used as a Lewis acid catalyst for the removal of trityl protecting groups and for Friedel-Crafts acylation of alkenes. ... 

Tsuji and Konishi [29] described the preparation of the acetate of the alcohols in phosphate esters, and the diacetate of the ethylene glycol derived from the ethylene oxide in alkylether phosphates, with subse-... 

The oxidation of terminal alkenes with an EWG in alcohols or ethylene glycol affords acetals of aldehydes chemoselectively. Acrylonitrile is converted into l,3-dioxolan-2-ylacetonitrile (69) in ethylene glycol and to 3,3-dimetho.xy-propionitrile (70) in methanol[28j. 3,3-Dimethoxypropionitrile (70) is produced commercially in MeOH from acrylonitrile by use of methyl nitrite (71) as a unique leoxidant of Pd(0). Methyl nitrite (71) is regenerated by the oxidation of NO with oxygen in MeOH. Methyl nitrite is a gas, which can be separated easily from water formed in the oxidation[3]. 

Diols that bear two hydroxyl groups m a 1 2 or 1 3 relationship to each other yield cyclic acetals on reaction with either aldehydes or ketones The five membered cyclic acetals derived from ethylene glycol (12 ethanediol) are the most commonly encoun tered examples Often the position of equilibrium is made more favorable by removing the water formed m the reaction by azeotropic distillation with benzene or toluene... 

Other blends such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with cellulose acetate (208), PHA with polycaprolactone (209), poly(lactic acid) with poly(ethylene glycol) (210), chitosan and cellulose (211), poly(lactic acid) with inorganic fillers (212), and PHA and aUphatic polyesters with inorganics (213) are receiving attention. The different blending compositions seem to be limited only by the number of polymers available and the compatibiUty of the components. The latter blends, with all natural or biodegradable components, appear to afford the best approach for future research as property balance and biodegradabihty is attempted. Starch and additives have been evaluated ia detail from the perspective of stmcture and compatibiUty with starch (214). 

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