Ethylene dithiocarbamates

Non-specific methods that employ simple methods and reagents have been frequently employed for determination of active ingredients. Total chlorine and acid content may, for example, be used to measure phenoxyalkanoic acids. These methods have been largely displaced by more specific methods, such as gas chromatography, but where specific methods are unavailable, as in the case of maneb, zineb, and other complex organometallic ethylene dithiocarbamate derivatives, indirect methods are used. 

Ethylene Dithiocarbamates (EBDCs) Oncogenicity Thyroid Effects Teratogenicity... 

Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is one of the metabolic products of ethylene-Ws-dithiocarbamates (EBDTC) in mammals, plants, and lower organisms (WHO, 1988). It may also be present as an impurity in EBDTC technical formulations. EBDTC residues present in food may be partially transformed into ETU during food preparation. 

Pastorelli, R., Allevi, R., Romagnano, S., Meli, G., Fanelli, R., and Airoldi, R. (1995) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of ethylenthiourea hemoglobin adducts a possible indicator of exposure to ethylene-fczs-dithiocarbam-ate pesticides, Archives of Toxicology, 69(5) 306-311. 

Nakayama Y., Miyamura M., Hirano Y., Goto K., Matsuda T., Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene block copolymers using photochemistry of dithiocarbamate as a reduced cell-adhesive coating material, Biomaterials 1999 20 963-970. 

Maneb 486 (Figure 25) is an ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide used in agriculture for the control of early and late blights in potatoes and tomatoes, as well as many other diseases in fruits, vegetables, field crops, and... 

Hylin, J.W. Oxidative decomposition of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 10(4) 227-233,1973. 

Concomitantly, the treated surface became water-repellant, indicating that the surface was converted to an ethylstyrenated surface. On the other hand, when 2-aminoethyl dithiocarbamate was used, the treated surface was stained with an anionic dye. Figure 23 showed that only the UV-irradiated portion was stained with a dye. Both dithiocarbamated oligo(ethylene glycol) and... 

Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate/ disodium ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate Moderate effectiveness in 3-8 hours against most bacteria 200 ppm of a 15% solution used weekly Stable under temperature and pH fluctuations reacts with dissolved iron to form a precipitate... 

The compound (562), which is important as an agricultural fungicide, is prepared by the aerial oxidation of ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate), and (563) results from the reaction of 1,3-dialkylimidazolidines with carbon disulfide. 

The curative packages contained MgO 4 phr, ZnO 5 phr, stearic acid 2 phr, zinc dithiocarbamate 6 phr, sulfur 1 phr, and ethylene thiourea 1 phr... 

Cordier, M. (1954). Etude, du point de vue cenologique, des fungicide organique de synthese a base d ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate de zinc. C. R. Acad. Agric. France 40, 243-246. 

The fungicides Maneb and Zineb are dithiocarbamates of low acute toxicity but with troublesome contaminant and degradation problems from ethylene thiourea, a carcinogen. The neurotoxic metabolite, carbon disulfide, is another potential hazard of their use. 

The fungicidal dithiocarbamates Maneb and Zineb are the manganese and zinc salts, respectively of ethylene -1,2- bisdithiocarbamic acid ... 

Until about ten years ago, protectant foliar fungicides (such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamates and phthalimides) and soil sterilants (such as vapam or methylbromide) were the only chemical means of controlling diseases caused by Oomycetes. These compounds are nonspecific biocides affecting many vital cell processes of both the pathogen and the host plant. This means that they are non-selective,... 

Cantarelli et al. (1964) have shown that yeasts can use ethylene bi-thiocarbamates and produce sulphurous compounds such as H2S and CS2. Marshall (1977) described the degradation mechanism of dithiocarbamates to ethylenediamine and CS2 or to ethylenethiouramide that would be transformed into ethylenethiourea and into CS2. 

Ethylene plays an essential role in the development of plants, for example in germination, growth and fruit ripening. Carbons 3 and 4 of methionine appear to be the most important source of the gas in vivo, but the effect is also induced by externally applied gas. Acetylene and carbon monoxide are competitive with ethylene. This suggests that a metal ion is present at the ethylene receptor site, a view confirmed by the inhibition of alkene binding by dithiocarbamate. The possibility that this metal is copper is supported by the preparation of copper(I)-monoalkene complexes that show the tight binding of monoalkenes characteristic of the ethylene receptor sites of plants. ... 

Ferbam. Ferric N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate Ziram. Zinc N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate Nabam. Disodium ethylene-bis (dithiocarbamate)... 

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