Ethylene disulphide

Poly(methylene disulphide), poly(methylene tetrasulphide), poly(ethylene disulphide) and poly(ethylene tetrasulphide) are photodegraded under UV irradiation with the formation of carbon monosulphide (CS), carbon disulphide (CS2) and hydrogen sulphide (HS) according to the mechanism [1047, 1971] ... 

Grouping Acetone Ethane Ethyl-acetate Acetylene Ethyl amine Ethylene Acetaldehyde Ethyl glycol Crude oil Ethyl-ether Carbon disulphide Ethyl Nitrite... 

By varying the value of the ranking x in the polysulphide Na2S. The tetrasulphide is necessary to obtain a rubber with ethylene dichloride, but disulphides may be used with other dichlorides. 

Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts Any oxidizable substance, such as ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulphide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate or furfural Chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates... 

Singhal et al. [78, 79] have described a titrimetric method for the determination of low levels of Oxamyl residues in soils. Their investigations revealed that after hydrolysis Oxamyl gave a brown precipitate with carbon disulphide and an alkaline solution of copper(II) sulphate. This reaction suggested a procedure for the determination of Oxamyl by titration with ethylene diamine tetracetic acid of the copper remaining unreacted to the 1-(2 pyridylazo)-2-naphthol end-point indicator). The following stoichiometric reaction appeared to occur between Oxamyl and the reagents ... 

Similarly with the raising of the b.p. in violet or reddish-violet soln. of iodine in benzophenone, carbon disulphide, ethyl chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride or benzene or in brown soln. of ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, thymol, ethyl ether, methylal, or acetone. The values for the last three solvents were rather low, presumably because of the chemical action of solute on solvent. High values with benzene are attributed to the formation of a solid soln. of solvent and solid. Confirmatory results were found by J. Hertz with naphthalene, and by E. Beckmann and P. Wantig with pyridine. The results by I. von Ostromisslensky (o-nitrotoluene), by G. Kriiss and E. Thiele (glacial acetic acid), and by H. Gautier and G. Charpy indicate polymerization, but they are not considered to be reliable. 

In support of the theory that in brown soln. a complex of solute and solvent is formed, F. Dolezalek 1 having shown that the partial press, of each form of a substance in a soln. is proportional to the molecular proportion of it present in the mixture, P. Wantig found that boiling soln. of iodine in ether, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and benzene agree with the assumption that even at the b.p. there is a considerable amount of association between iodine and the solvents which form brown soln. With this hypothesis also before them, J. H. Hildebrand and B. L. Glascock measured the depression of the f.p. of certain neutral solvents—bromoform and ethylene dibromide—produce by iodine and certain liquids separately and together. With mixtures which produce violet soln. the total depression of the mixture in the constituents are considered separately or together with mixtures which produce brown soln. the total depression with the mixture is less than the sum of the separate depressions. This is taken as a proof... 

At 25° C. 100 grams of glycerol very slowly dissolve 20-8 grams of the oxide.8 In ethyl malonate the solubility in 100 g. is 0-058 g. at 15° C. and 0-061 g. at 100° C.9 Arsenious oxide is volatile in ethyl malonate vapour, 0-09 g. having been observed to be carried over during the distillation of 100 g. of the ester. The oxide dissolves in -warm ethylene glycol, but no definite chemical compound is obtainable from the solution.10 The -vitreous form dissolves slightly in ether, carbon disulphide, fatty oils and turpentine. 

A solvent is frequently employed, either to dissolve the compound or to moderate the action of the halogen those commonly employed are carbon tetrachloride, glacial acetic acid, carbon disulphide, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, ether, water, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid. It is not always a matter of indifference which solvent is selected. 

The solvents more generally used are oil of turpentine, pinewood oil, methyl, ethyl or amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, acetone, ether, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chloro-derivatives of ethane and ethylene, chlorohydrins, light mineral oils, light oils from tar, from resin or from shale, and camphor oil. 

B) Examination of the Solvents insoluble in Water. These may be carbon disulphide, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, a chloro-derivative of ethane or ethylene, a chlorohydrin, amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, ether, benzene or a homologue, oil of turpentine, pinewood oil, light mineral oil, resin oil, tar oil, shale oil, or camphor oil. 

Ethylene sulphide and propylene sulphide have been reported by Soga et ol. [249,250] to copolymerise with carbon disulphide in the presence of catalysts such as diethylzinc, diethylcadmium and mercury bis( -butanethiolatc), yielding poly(alkylene thioether-trithiocarbonate) copolymers (Table 9.4). The content of ethylene trithiocarbonate units in the ethylene sulphide/carbon disulphide copolymer obtained with the most efficient catalyst, mercury bis( -butanethiolate), was in the range 50-70 mol.-% [249]. 

In order to clarify the mechanism, the reaction of carbon disulphide with mercury bis(n-butanethiolate) was studied. On the basis of results obtained, it was suggested that this reaction involved the formation of a coordination complex, followed by the formation of active species containing the Hg-SC(S) bond. Moreover, the cyclic trithiocarbonate, ethylene trithiocarbonate, found to be present in trace amounts in copolymerisation products, was excluded as a possible intermediate for the copolymer formation, since it did not undergo any polymerisation under the given conditions [249],... 

The number of suitable solvents is limited and the most widely used are carbon tetraddoride and carbon disulphide because they have relatively few absorption bands in the infra-red region. Other solvents which may be used include chloroform, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride, boizene, cyclohexane, and heptane. The concentration of the compound is usually about 5 to 10%, but concentrations up to 20% w/v can be employed. With these high concentrations, hydroxyl and amino compounds often exhibit bands due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. 

It is possible to insert additional atoms or molecules into the inter-lamellar gap of many layer-lattice materials, including molybdenum disulphide, creating what are called intercalation compounds. The intercalated substances may be alkali or alkalyne-earth metals (sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, calcium, strontium), salts or organic bases such as ethylene diamine or pyridine . 

The formation of vanadate esters with hydroxyl groups in aqueous solutions has been studied in detail for methanol (53), ethylene glycol (57), phenol, and tyrosine (58). Vanadate is able to form cyclic complexes when there are adjacent hydroxyls in the molecule (59) and interacts with luidine, adenosine monophosphate (60), glutathione disulphide (61), and phosphate (62). Rehder (63) studied the interaction of amino acids and dipeptides with vanadate. He concluded that complexes are formed in which the peptide function and the iV-terminal amino group are involved. Similarly, it was reported (64) that vanadate... 

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