1,2-Ethylene dibromide compound

Bromine is used in the manufacture of many important organic compounds including 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide), added to petrol to prevent lead deposition which occurs by decomposition of the anti-knock —lead tetraethyl bromomethane (methyl bromide), a fumigating agent, and several compounds used to reduce flammability of polyester plastics and epoxide resins. Silver(I) bromide is used extensively in the photographic industry... 

Polyhydric alcohols are compounds containing two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule. The two most important are ethylene glycol HOCHjCHjOH (a dihydric alcohol) and glycerol HOCHjCH(OH)CH. OH (a trihydric alcohol). Ethylene glycol may be obtained by the hydrolysis of ethylene dibromide or ethylene dichloride with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution ... 

Much of the bromine output in the U.S. was used in the production of ethylene dibromide, a lead scavenger used in making gasoline antiknock compounds. Lead in gasoline, however, has been drastically reduced, due to environmental considerations. This will greatly affect future production of bromine. 

Quantitative Analysis of All llithium Initiator Solutions. Solutions of alkyUithium compounds frequentiy show turbidity associated with the formation of lithium alkoxides by oxidation reactions or lithium hydroxide by reaction with moisture. Although these species contribute to the total basicity of the solution as determined by simple acid titration, they do not react with allyhc and henzylic chlorides or ethylene dibromide rapidly in ether solvents. This difference is the basis for the double titration method of determining the amount of active carbon-bound lithium reagent in a given sample (55,56). Thus the amount of carbon-bound lithium is calculated from the difference between the total amount of base determined by acid titration and the amount of base remaining after the solution reacts with either benzyl chloride, allyl chloride, or ethylene dibromide. 

The mechanism of poisoning automobile exhaust catalysts has been identified (71). Upon combustion in the cylinder tetraethyllead (TEL) produces lead oxide which would accumulate in the combustion chamber except that ethylene dibromide [106-93-4] or other similar haUde compounds were added to the gasoline along with TEL to form volatile lead haUde compounds. Thus lead deposits in the cylinder and on the spark plugs are minimized. Volatile lead hahdes (bromides or chlorides) would then exit the combustion chamber, and such volatile compounds would diffuse to catalyst surfaces by the same mechanisms as do carbon monoxide compounds. When adsorbed on the precious metal catalyst site, lead haUde renders the catalytic site inactive. 

Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) 2-Dibutylaminoethanol (aminoethanol compounds) Dibutyl phosphate... 

An attempt to prepare 1 -bromo-2-fluoroethane by the partial fluorination of ethylene dibromide by means of antimony trifluoride was not very successful. The compound was best prepared by the action of phosphorus tribromide on F.E.A. The compound was relatively non-toxic and the bromine atom rather unreactive, but considerably more reactive than the chlorine atom in chlorofluoroethane. For example, bromofluoroethane was readily converted by means of potassium thiocyanate into 2-fluoroethyl thiocyanate. As a lethal inhalant the toxicity of the thiocyanate was inferior to that of M.F.A. Toxicity by injection, however, appeared to be higher. 

In order to prove the identity of (XI), it was synthesized in a different manner. Ethylene dibromide was converted into ethylene dithiol, which was then heated with bromofluoroethane in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The yield by this method was small. The compound (XI), otherwise called sesqui-fluoro-H , is a liquid. It is neither a vesicant nor does it produce fluoroacetate-like symptoms in the animal body. 

Nachtomi E, Alumot E, Bondi A. 1965. The metabolism of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and related compounds in the rat. Israel J Chem 3 119-120. 

In a shallow aquifer material, ethylene dibromide aerobically degraded to carbon dioxide, microbial biomass, and nonvolatile water-soluble compound(s) (Pignatello, 1987). 

Soil In soil and water, chemical and biological mediated reactions can transform ethylene dibromide in the presence of hydrogen sulfides to ethyl mercaptan and other sulfur-containing compounds (Alexander, 1981). 

Ploemen, J.H.T.M., L.W. Wormhoudt, G.R.M.M. Haenen, et al. 1997. The use of human in vitro metabolic parameters to explore the risk of hazardous compounds the case of ethylene dibromide. Toxicol. Appl. 

Bromine occurs in nature as bromide in many natural brine wells and salt deposits. It also is found in seawater at a concentration of 85 mg/L. The element was discovered by A. J. Balard and C. Lowig, independently in 1826. Bromine is used in bleaching fibers and as a disinfectant for water purification. Other appbcations are in organic synthesis as an oxidizing or brominat-ing agent in the manufacture of ethylene dibromide, methyl bromide and other bromo compounds for dyes and pharmaceutical uses as a fire retardant for plastics and in chemical analysis. Ethylene dibromide is used in anti-... 

Many analogs of 75 with substituents in the pyridine rings have also been prepared ° although 6-alkoxy-2,2 -bipyridines react with ethylene dibromide to afford the pyridone 76 rather than 4-alkoxy analogs of 75. Derivatives of 75 with alkyl substituents on the ethylene bridge (i.e., 6 and/or 7 positions) can likewise be prepared from 2,2 -bipyridines and appropriate dibromoalkanes. " " 6-Hydroxy-substituted derivatives of 75, for example, compound 78, are accessible by ring closure of j8-carbonyl monoquaternary salts of 2,2 -bipyridine, such as compound 77, with acid. 

The ARS Technologies, Inc., Ferox process is an in situ remediation technology for the treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbons, leachable heavy metals, and other contaminants. The process involves the subsurface injection and dispersion of reactive zero-valence iron powder into the saturated or unsaturated zones of a contaminated area. ARS Technologies claims that Ferox is applicable for treating the following chemicals trichloroethene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, lindane, aromatic azo compounds, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, tetrachloroethene (PCE), nitro aromatic compounds, 1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride, 4-chlorophenol, hexachloroethane, tribromomethane, ethylene dibromide (EDB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Freon-113, unexploded ordinances (UXO), and soluble metals (copper, nickel, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium). 

Compound Name Ethylene Dibromide Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene... 

Second, reaction 8.9 and other relevant reactions appear to occur preferentially on available solid surfaces, which are often ice crystals but may also be particles of sulfate hazes from volcanic eruptions or human activity. Third, volatile bromine compounds are even more effective (via Br atoms) than chlorine sources at destroying ozone methyl bromide is released into the atmosphere naturally by forest fires and the oceans, but anthropogenic sources include the use of organic bromides as soil fumigants (methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide) and bromofluorocarbons as fire extinguishers (halons such as CFsBr, CF2BrCl, and C2F4Br2). 

Three cohort studies have included workers exposed to ethylene dibromide, but because of their low statistical power and/or lack of information about individual exposures, little can be concluded about the carcinogenicity of this compound in humans. 

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