Carbon monoxide CO/ethylene

Research Focus Preparation of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) using the organome-tallic mixture consisting of palladium acetate and l,3-bis[bis(2-meth-oxy-5-methylphenyl)phosphino]propane. 

Observations Although poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) has previously... 

TABLE 1. Poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) Scoping Reactions Using the Step 1 Reaction Stoichometry... 

Poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) and poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide-co-vinyl acetate), (I), were prepared by Patil [1] and used as adhesive additives and solvents. 

Poly(propylene-co-carbon monoxide) was prepared by Queisser [2] using [Pd (l,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)(NCCH3)2](BF4)2- Fagon [3] used 1,2-bis(2,3,4,5-tetramethylphospholyl)ethane for preparing poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide. 

More industrial polyethylene copolymers were modeled using the same method of ADMET polymerization followed by hydrogenation using catalyst residue. Copolymers of ethylene-styrene, ethylene-vinyl chloride, and ethylene-acrylate were prepared to examine the effect of incorporation of available vinyl monomer feed stocks into polyethylene [81]. Previously prepared ADMET model copolymers include ethylene-co-carbon monoxide, ethylene-co-carbon dioxide, and ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol [82,83]. In most cases,these copolymers are unattainable by traditional chain polymerization chemistry, but a recent report has revealed a highly active Ni catalyst that can successfully copolymerize ethylene with some functionalized monomers [84]. Although catalyst advances are proving more and more useful in novel polymer synthesis, poor structure control and reactivity ratio considerations are still problematic in chain polymerization chemistry. 

Polymers from this class can be used for different practical purposes. For example, poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) has better barrier properties for food packaging material than polyethylene, which is permeable for hydrophobic compounds used as flavors. Other copolymers can be used as plasticizers for nitrile rubber. 

Thermal degradation of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) takes place by chain scission, yielding alkenes and ketone fragments. Around 500° C the decomposition products consist of CO, H2O, ethene, and series of ketones with the general structure R-[-CO-CH2-CH2-]n-CO-R where R, R = -CH3, -CH2-CH3 or -CH=CH2 [2, 3]. 

Table 6.8.1. Compounds identified in the pyrogram of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide), 30/30 atm. ethylene/CO partial pressures, and poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide), 50/10 atm. ethylene/CO partial pressures, as reported in [4].

The pyrolysate components of both copolymers show similar mechanisms of the reaction. Both C(0)-CH2 and CH2-CH2 bonds can be cleaved. For example, in the case of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide), the reactions taking place with C(0)-CH2 cleavage are shown schematically below ... 

Figure 16.12. Elongation at break vs. total solar irradiation for ( 1) ethylene-co-carbon monoxide (1% CO), ( 2) LDPE + transition metal sensitizer, and ( 3) LDPE + 6 wt% starch + transition metal sensitizer. Data [Andrady et at., 1993].

Poly (ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene). See Ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid). See Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-1-butene). See Ethylene/butene-1 copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate). See Ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-carbon monoxide). See Ethylene/carbon monoxide copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate). See Ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). See Ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate). See Ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer Poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid). See Ethylene/methyl acrylate/acrylic acid terpolymer... 

At high temperatures the image of photodegradation changes completely because additional reactions are involved in the thermal degradation of a polymer [1319]. Many papers have been devoted to the study of photothermal degradation of polyethylene [148,1289], polypropylene [822], poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) [871, 917], polyacrylates and polymethacrylates [821, 829], poly(acrylate-co-methacrylate) [828, 831], poly(vinyl chloride) [311, 702, 768, 891,1097,1319,1792] polystyrene [1491], natural rubber [14] and poly(ether sulphone) [1265]. 

Tension on molecular chains may either inhibit or promote reaction rates, for example, poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) photolysed by competing Norrish Type I and II processes (cf. section 3.1.5). 

The crystallinity and average crystallite size of undrawn and cold-drawn films of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) increased upon UV irradiation... 

Netherlands under licence from the University of Toronto. In addition, large companies such as Union Carbide, Dow Chemical and Du Pont are involved in the production of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide), thus providing a photodegradable low-density polyethylene. The cost of this poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) is currently 15-20% higher than that of coventional low-density polyethylene [1309, 2195]. 

Weathering of polyethylene (LDPE) and enhanced photodegradable poly-(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) in the marine environment has been studied [128]. The rate of deterioration, indicated by the loss in mean ultimate extension, was found to be slower when the material was weathered in sea water than in air. The difference in rates was explained in terms of the lack of heat buildup in plastic material floating in sea water. In the case of poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) the rapid photodegradation occurs under both exposure conditions. 

Poly(ethylene-co-carbon monoxide) Cethylene copolymer 25052-62-4 Ethene, polymer with carbon monoxide R (C2H4 C0>3... 

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