Ethyl acetate as a solvent

Grams of the ketimine as produced was dissolved in 45 cc. of ethyl acetate as a solvent. To this was added 10 grams of 5% palladium on charcoal and the mixture reduced by the addition of hydrogen until 1.39 moles of hydrogen was absorbed. The catalyst was removed and the product distilled. Distillation gave the desired desoxyephedrine boiling at 58-61.5° C at 1.1 mm. pressure. 

A solution of 0.637 g (1.49 mmol) hexa-terf-butyl-cyclotrisilane and 1.54 g (18.7 mmol) cyclohexane in 100 mL n-hexane is irradiated with a low-pressiue mercury lamp at room temperature under stirring. Due to the formation of tetra-terf-butyl-disilene the solution turns yellow-orange after about 50 min. Further irradiation yields a colorless solution after 3 h. The photolysis is stopped, the solvent is removed under vacuum, and the residue is separated by short-path distillation at 42—44°C/0.01 mbar to yield a colorless liquid product. In many cases the purity of the obtained colorless silirane is sufficient after distillation. In case of the cyclohexene-derived silirane 7,7-di-terf-butyl-7-silabicyclo[4.1.0] heptane recrystallization at 52°C using 2 mL ethyl acetate as a solvent was successful yielding 208 mg (0.927 mmol) of the silirane. Mp 26-28°C. 

Uses. The applications of MIBK read a lot like those of MEK, In the 1960s and 1970s, MIBK rapidly replaced the use of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate as a solvent for resins. However, MIBK is now classified as a hazardous material, limiting its applications as a coating material and solvent to special situations or enclosed systems. 

With 6 equiv. of 1, this selectivity was even increased because of the relative lower amount of the triether (Table 10). Nevertheless, experiments have been performed with 2-methoxyethanol, methylisobutylketone, and ethyl acetate as a supplementary co-solvent. While ethyl acetate is not suitable, good sugar conversion was achieved in the presence of the two other co-solvents, even using a low excess (3 equiv.) of 1. Switching to EtN(/-Pr)2 as the base reduced the sugar conversion but raised the monoether selectivity up to 97%. 

Ethylene glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst readily reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form cyclic acetals and ketals (60). 1,3-Dioxolane [646-06-0] is the product of condensing formaldehyde and ethylene glycol. Applications for 1,3-dioxolane are as a solvent replacement for methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent for polymers as an inhibitor in 1,1,1-trichloroethane as a polymer or matrix interaction product for metal working and electroplating in lithium batteries and in the electronics industry (61). 1,3-Dioxolane can also be used in the formation of polyacetals, both for homopolymerization and as a comonomer with formaldehyde. Cyclic acetals and ketals are used as protecting groups for reaction-sensitive aldehydes and ketones in natural product synthesis and pharmaceuticals (62). 

The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of maleic anhydride with isoprene has been studied in supercritical-fluid CO2 under conditions near the critical point of CO2 [759]. The rate constants obtained for supercritical-fluid CO2 as solvent at 35 °C and high pressures (>200 bar) are similar to those obtained using normal liquid ethyl acetate as the solvent. However, at 35 °C and pressures approaching the critical pressure of CO2 (7.4 MPa), the effect of pressure on the rate constant becomes substantial. Obviously, AV takes on large negative values at temperatures and pressures near the critical point of CO2. Thus, pressure can be used to manipulate reaction rates in supercritical solvents under near-critical conditions. This effect of pressure on reacting systems in sc-fluids appears to be unique. A discussion of fundamental aspects of reaction kinetics under near-critical reaction conditions within the framework of transition-state theory can be found in reference [759],... 

Sah, H. Microencapsulation techniques using ethyl acetate as a dispersed solvent effects of its extraction rate on the characteristics of PLGA microspheres. J. Controlled Release 1997, 47 (3), 233-245. 

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is mainly applied in micropreparative taxoids separation [2-4]. Silica gel 6OF254 preparative plates are usually applied for this purpose. The problem of taxoids separation involves not only their similar chemical structure (e.g., paclitaxel versus cephalomannine) but also, due to different coextracted compounds usually encountered in crude yew extracts (polar compounds such as phenolics and nonpolar ones such as chlorophylls and biflavones), the separation is very difficult. The common band of paclitaxel and cephalomannine was satisfactorily resolved from an extraneous fraction in isocratic elution with ethyl acetate as a polar modifier [4] and n-heptane-dichloromethane as the solvent mixture and it was of suitable purity for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitative determination. 

Rash chromatography was performed on E. Merck silica g e 230-400 mesh 150 g of silica gel was loaded on a 7- x 2-in size column using a mi nimum amount of ethyl acetate as loading solvent. The checkers used a 90-g silica column purchased from Biotage. 

Kwakman and co-workers (1992) used disk extraction to isolate organophosphorus pesticides on-line with gas chromatography for rapid analysis. The method is on-line for sorption and elution using ethyl acetate as a desorbing solvent and a retention time gap approach for the GC analysis. The detection limit was 10 to 30 ng/L in tapwater and 50 to 100 ng/L in river water. Barcelo and co-workers (1993) and Molina and co-workers (1994) also found that organophosphorus pesticides and triazines could be effectively isolated on disks for further analysis by HPLC/MS using thermospray and electrospray. 

Recently, it has been shown that coupling the chiral ligand PPM with a water-soluble poly(acrylic acid) gave a macroligand 9, the rhodium complex of which allowed the reduction of amino acid precursors in water or water/ethyl acetate as the solvents with enantioselectivity up to 56 and 74%, respectively [41]. 

Szolar, O. H., Rost, H., Braun, R., and Loibner, A. P., Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil minimizing sample pretreatment using automated Soxhlet with ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. Anal. Chem., lA, 2379-2385, 2002. 

Phase solubility analysis may be carried out using ethyl acetate as the solvent. A typical example is shown in Figure 8 which also lists the conditions under which the analysis was carried out (8). 

Butanol is used in the production of methyl ethyl ketone and ec-butyl acetate, as a solvent in lacquers and alkyd enamels, in hydraulic brake fluids, in cleaning compounds, and its xanthate derivatives in ore flotation. 

Cyclopropyl thien-2-yl ketone (34), available commercially, was subjected to a Grignard reaction with 21 to yield a carbinol (31) in excellent yield. Bromotrimeth-ylsilane-mediated opening of the cyclopropyl ring led to the 4-bromo derivative 32. Condensation with ethyl i -(-)-pipeildme-3-carboxylate (16) was conducted in isopropyl acetate as a solvent with anhydrous lithium carbonate as the base. The transformation was cleaner and did not provide any of the diene (26) arising from elimination of hydrogen bromide. The alkylation of the nipecotate residue could also be directly effected with a mixture of the tartrate salt of 16, lithium carbonate, and isopropyl acetate. Compound 33 was readily isolated as the hydrochloride isopropyl acetate was superior to all other solvents used in this reaction. Since it is not itself prone to hydrolysis, it is preferable to ethyl acetate. Moreover, it appears to crystallize hydrochlorides much better. 

Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM. Ethyl acetate as a dispersing solvent in the production of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres Effect of process parameters and polymer type. Journal of Microencapsulation. May-June 2002 19(3) 281-292. PubMed PMID 12022494. 

FFA were prepared by hydrolysis of flie oil wifli a Candida cyUndracea lipase. This method was preferred over saponification of flie oil and acidification of flie salts to minimize the formation of trienes from [2]. Subsequently, [2] was isolated by selective low-temperature crystallization from hexane containing a small amount of ethyl acetate. An overall yield of 54% with a purity of 97% was obtained. Ethyl acetate as a cosolvent decreased the required volume of solvents and distinctly improved the crystallinity. 

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