Ethical issues bioethics

Animal research (ethical issues) Bioethics and clinical research... 

Bioethics is a discipline that deals with the moral issues of biological research and its application in medicine. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in its 2005 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights addresses ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences, and associated technologies as applied to human beings. The aim of the declaration is to provide a universal framework of principles and procedures... 

McLeod, H. L. 2001. Pharmacogenetics More than Skin Deep. Nature Genetics 29 247-248. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (NCB). 2003. Pharmacogenetics Ethical Issues. London NCB. Oliveira, M. A., J. A. Bermudez, G. C. Chaves, and G. Velasquez. 2004. Has the Implementation... 

NBAC (National Bioethics Advisory Committee). 1999. Research Involving Human Biological Materials Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance, Vol. 1. Report and Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Rockville, MD National Bioethics Advisory Commission. 

The Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Pharmacogenetics ethical issues. September 20, 2003. Available at http //www.nuffieldbioethics.org/filelibrary/pdf/ pharmacogenetics report.pdf—Accessed May 9, 2005. 

Bioethics is a relatively new field of study concerning the investigation of ethical issues in medicine, health care, and the life sciences. From the standpoint of bioethics, clinical pharmacy research presents no novel ethical questions however, the type and scope of issues involved differ from those faced by other practitioners. It is important for pharmacists to be aware of the ethical issues, give thoughtful consideration to them, and be sensitive to how they may affect their involvement in research. The current Code of Ethics for the practice of pharmacy virtually neglects issues encountered by pharmacists as they conduct clinical research. ... 

Corrigan OP (2005) Pharmacogenetics, ethical issues review of the Nuffield council on bioethics report. J Med Ethics 31 144-148... 

All clinical research is subject to these and other FDA regulations. Medical ethical issues are now enshrined in U.S. law. Let the final word on ethics come from the National Bioethics Advisory Commission It is essential that the research community come to value the ethics of research as central to the scientific process. ... 

A second major division of bioethics, theoretical bioethics, is concerned with the philosophical foundations of bioethics. This field is concerned with issues such as the merits of the deontological approach versus the utilitarian approach versus other approaches in handling ethical issues, or the problem of handling an ethical issue when a conflict in principles arises. 

Finally, regulatory and policy bioethics is concerned with ethical issues such as clinical trial design, drug approval ethics, use of embryonic tissue in research and clinical treatment, human cloning, organ procurement for transplantation, xenotransplantation, assisted suicide, euthanasia, formulation of brain death policy, allocation of scarce healthcare resources, and so on. 

Bioethics Access to published hterature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. httpvywww.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases bioethics.html... 

In Part V, we examine research and ethics. Increasingly, clinical research is undertaken in multi-center studies involving numerous countries and jurisdictions. Argentinian bioethicist Florencia Luna, a past president of the International Association of Bioethics, introduces one of the major issues debated in recent years in international research ethics in this context, namely the question of what constitutes appropriate standards of care for participating patients. The line taken by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and many American bioethicists has been that it is acceptable for developed world sponsors of such trials to provide less than the best proven therapeutic means of treatment to the trial participants. Developed world-based bioethicists do not always agree and Luna explains why. 

Mohan, R. and G. Ranjith. 2001. Research in Less-Developed Countries. Lancet 357 1296. National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC). 2001. Ethical and Policy Issues in International... 

Even if research ethics has ignored justice issues until recently, justice is an important aspect of any serious bioethical proposal. There are many challenges around it but because of the difficulties of the issues, this does not indicate that we should ignore them. Mere procedural mechanisms or reducing ethics to informed consent and... 

As the field of bioethics develops, it has reflected issues of import in society, such as abortion, euthanasia, self-determination, and the ethical conduct of research. Much of contemporary bioethics has roots in the values... 

Feminist bioethics deals with bioethical issues that particularly affect women. Controversially, it has been asserted by some that women approach ethical dilemmas differently to men, because of dissimilar contexts. The ethic of care9 is proposed as a female trait, while the ethic of justice or rights10 is supposedly more male . A common illustration of this is when a married couple is asked to include a clause in their wills concerning the disposal of property in the case of their simultaneous deaths the wife will often propose a scheme dividing joint property unequally and according to need and number of all their relatives the husband frequently sees the situation as requiring a simple 50-50 split between their two families. 

Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, Report Ethically Impossible STD Research in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948 (Washington, DC, 2011) . 

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