Ethanol preparation from ethylene

Among the other chemicals prepared from ethylene are ethanol and acetaldehyde... 

Ethyl acetate can be manufactured by the slow distillation of a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. It has also been prepared from ethylene using an aluminum alkoxide catalyst. 

Propionic acid can be obtained from wood pulp waste liquor by fermentation. It can also be prepared from ethylene, carbon monoxide and steam from ethanol and carbon monoxide using boron trifluoride catalyst from natural gas or as a by-product in the pyrolysis of wood. Very pure propionic acid can be obtained from propionitrile. Propionic acid can be found in dairy products in small amounts. 

Indirect Hydration (Esterification—Hydrolysis) Process. The preparation of ethanol from ethylene by the use of sulfuric acid is a three-step process (Fig. 1) ... 

The sodium or potassium salt of 6-azauracil in aqueous ethanol, anhydrous ethanol, or ethylene glycol reacted with methyl iodide practically exclusively to give the 3-methyl derivative (63). In toluene the sodium, potassium, and mercuric salts produced no methylated derivatives whereas the silver salt also yielded the 3-methyl derivative, Similarly, the 3-methyl derivative was prepared from the mercuric salt of 6-azathymine, and its structure was established by hydrolysis to pyruvic acid 4-methylthiosemicarbazone. ... 

To the residue is added 600 ml. of ethylene glycol, followed by 40 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid. The resulting mixture is heated under vigorous reflux for 20 hours, and then cooled and transferred to a 2-1. stainless-steel or copper flask. To this material is added a solution prepared from 325 g. of potassium hydroxide, 300 ml. of water, and 300 ml. of 95% ethanol. The resultant solution is heated under reflux for 1 hour, and then cooled and transferred to a 5-1. separatory funnel, where it is diluted with 3 1. of water and acidified with 600 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The organic liquid which separates is diluted with 300 ml. of hexane and separated from the aqueous layer, which is extracted three additional times with 300-ml. portions of hexane. The hexane extracts are washed to pH... 

Diethyl sulfate is manufactured from ethylene and sulfuric acid. It is used principally as an intermediate (ethylating agent) in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production. It is an intennediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene. No data were available on levels of occupational exposure to diethyl sulfate (lARC, 1992a). 

Ethyl 6-hydroxy-l-oxo-l//-pyrimido[l,2-a]quinoline-2-carboxylate was prepared from the 2-carboxylic acid in boiling ethanol in the presence of 3% hydrogen chloride for 4 h (77GEP2628751,77USP4031217). Heating ethyl 6-methoxy-l-oxo-l//-pyrimido[l,2-a]quinoline-2-carboxylate in ethylene glycol in the presence of triethylamine for 6 h yielded the 2-hydroxyethyl ester (75GEP2513930). 

Solutions of copper(I) salts such as CuCl or Cu(CF3S03) readily absorb alkenes but it is frequently difficult to isolate crystalline solids with well defined stoichiometries, unless more traditional ligands are present, such as dien or pyridine.256"259 Complexes may alternatively be prepared from the copper(II) salt in ethanol in the presence of an alkene by a suitable reducing agent (see Figures 1-3). If ethylene is added to an aqueous solution of copper metal and... 

British and German patents 55 for its use for certain military purposes. The genesis of pentryl from ethylene, through the intermediacy both of ethanol amine and of phenylethanolamine, is indicated below. The preparation and properties of pentryl have... 

When tetrahydropyridopyrimidine-3-carboxylate 562 (R = COOEt, R1 = H) was treated with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide at 25-30°C, salt 569 was obtained in good yield (79NEP79/ 3401 82USP4321377). The alkylation of569 with dimethyl sulfate and with ethylene dibromide in ethanol afforded 9-dithioester 570 and 9-(dithiolen-2-ylidene) derivative 571, respectively. When 569 was heated in acetic anhydride for 2 hours, bis product 572 was obtained in 57% yield. 9-Imidazolidine derivative 573 was prepared from both iminium chloride 563 (R = COOEt, R1 = H, R2 = Me) and 9-dithioester 570 by treatment with ethylenediamine (Scheme 37) (79NEP79/3401 82USP4321377 83MIP1). 

Cyclohexadiene is one of the given starting materials. Ethylene is prepared from ethanol. 

Crganosodium compounds behave similarly to the Grignard reagent with ethylene oxide. 2-(a-Thienyl)-1-ethanol and y.y.y-triphenylpropyl alcohol are prepared from 2-chlorothiophene and trityl chloride, respectively, through the sodium compounds. 

Method. Three columns containing PL-Thiol MP SPE, PL-Urea MP SPE and PL-Thiourea MP SPE (available from Polymer Laboratories Ltd) are studied to test the efficiency of extraction of metals from ethylene glycol dimethacrylate dissolved in methanol. The spiked and non-spiked monomer are dissolved in ethanol at 5% concentration and a 10.0 ml solution of each monomer is passed through the columns using a vacuum suction water pump. The columns containing the metals are washed with 1.0 ml of 0.25 M HC1 and extracts made up to 25.0 ml in plastic volumetric flasks with deionised water. Extracts are analysed for metal content against standards of 0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm of Cu, Fe, Co and Ni prepared in 0.25 M HC1. 

The preparation of 2-(diethylamino)ethanol from ethylene chlorohydrin and diethylamine (about 70% yield) is described in Organic Syntheses.473... 

Alkali hydroxides are most commonly used, with or without a solvent. Suitable solvents, in order of importance, are ethanol, methanol, butanol, ethanol-water mixtures, ethylene glycols and its ethers, glycerol, and hydrocarbons. The usual reagent is saturated ethanolic potassium hydroxide ca. 4n, ca. 20) at room temperature, but always more than the theoretical amount. For dehydrohalogenation of arylalkenyl halides it often suffices to reflux the compound for some time in a suitable solvent, but preparation of purely aliphatic acetylenes sometimes requires heating in an autoclave at temperatures around 170°.180 Reaction times vary, from a few minutes to several hours. 

Preparation of ethylene from ethanol and phosphoric acid 58 Syrupy phosphoric acid (50-60 ml) is warmed in a round-bottomed flask to 200-230° and anhydrous ethanol is dropped in from a dropping funnel. The rate of addition determines the rate of evolution of the ethylene. The product is washed with potassium hydroxide solution contained in two wash-bottles at 0° and with concentrated sulfuric acid. 

The alcohol BrCH2CH20H, needed in order to prepare 2-bromoethyl acetate, is prepared from ethanol by way of ethylene. 

Preparation of Ethanol from Ethylene. Via Ethyl Hydrogen Sulfate Ethylene is scrubbed, purified, and piped in gaseous form direct to processing in the alcohol plant (Fig. 13-6). On entering an absorber, ethylene comes into contact with sulfuric acid of 95 per cent concentration or higher. The resulting liquid is a mixture of monoethyl and diethyl sulfate. The esters leave the bottom of the absorber and are pumped into the bottom of a hydrolyzer column along with a measured volume of water. Here the esters formed in the absorber are converted to alcohol, ethyl ether, weak sulfuric acid, and small volumes of other materials. 

The complex ion [Ru(bpy)(trpy)Cl] was first prepared as the perchlorate salt by the reaction of Ru(bpy)Cl4 with trpy in 25% aqueous ethanol, and more recently in 75% aqueous ethanol. It has also been prepared from Ru(CO)2(bpy)Cl2, trpy, and trimethylamine oxide in 2-methoxyethanol. A method in which the readily prepared RuftrpylClj complex is used as an intermediate is more convenient, and it is this new method that is described here. (2,2 -Bipyridine-A(,A( )chloro(2,2 6, 2"-terpyridine-Al,Al, N")osmium(II) chloride has been reported and is prepared from Os(bpy)Cl4" and trpy in ethylene glycol. (2,2 -Bipyridine-N,Al )chloro 2,2 6, 2"-terpyridine-Al,N, yV")osmium(II) chloride may also be prepared by the reaction of Os(trpy)Cl3 with bpy in ethylene glycol. However, the insolubility of Os(trpy)Cl3 in this solvent makes the procedure used for the ruthenium analog less desirable, and the literature method has been used without major modification. Reaction of the chloro complexes With hot... 

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