2- -ethanol nitrate toxicity

DOT CLASSIFICATION 5.1 Label Oxidizer SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Severe skin and eye irritant. A powerful oxidizer which has caused many explosions in industry. Potentially explosive reactions with alkenes (above 220°C), ammonia, arjl hydrazine + ether, dimethyl sulfoxide + heat, ethylene oxide, fluorobutane + water, organic materials, phosphorus, trimethyl phosphate. Reacts to form explosive products with ethanol (forms ethyl perchlorate), cellulose + dinitrogen tetraoxide + oxygen (forms cellulose nitrate). Avoid contact with mineral acids, butyl fluorides, hydrocarbons. A drying agent. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of MgO and Cr. See also MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS and PERCHLORATES. 

One of the major problems in nutritional exploitation of tree leaves is the presence of antinutritional and toxic factors (6). The leaves of M. oleifera contain about 1.4% tannins, whereas condensed tannins are not present. Total phenols in leaves ranges from 2.7 - 3.4% (6,100). The M oleifera leaves contain 5.0% saponins as diosgenin equivalent with phytate contents in the leaves of 3. %(6, 100). Activity of trypsin inhibitors and lectins is not detected in the M. oleifera leaves. Other antinntritional factors present in M. oleifera leaves are flatus factors (sucrose + raffinose + stachyose) at 5.6% (107). Nitrate (0.5 tmnol per 100 g) and oxalate (4.1%) are also present inM oleifera leaves (100). The presence of these antinutritional factors in leaves of M. oleifera decreases the bioavailability of other nntrients. However, extraction nsing 80% ethanol decreases the contents of some of these antinntritional factors (6). 

Acetone or acetonitrile are commonly used as solvents to extract TNT from soils, although a mixture of DMSO/Ethanol was used as a solvent to extract TNT in a report on toxicity studies [8], These colorimetric methods can be used to detect a class of explosives, such as nitroaromatics, nitramines, and nitrate esters. However, explosives within a class cannot be distinguished very well. The most preferred on-site method relies on colorimetric detection as explained in the EPA Method 8515 for TNT. These methods require manual sample extraction for soil samples and preconcentration for water samples. Further, calibration with a control solution needs to be performed manually, the sample and reagents have to be mixed manually, and the absorbance from a spectrophotometer is noted manually. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS not combustible NFPA rating (not rated) mercurous chloride is ineompatible with bromides, iodides, alkali chlorides, sulfates, sulfites, carbonates, hydroxides, ammonia, silver salts, eopper salts, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, and iodoform mercuric oxide reacts explosively with acetyl nitrate, chlorine and hydrocarbons, butadiene and ethanol and iodine (at 35°C), and hydrogen peroxide and traces of nitric acid forms heat or shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with metals and non-metals contact with acetylene, acetylene products, or ammonia gases may from solid products that are sensitive to shock and which can initiate fires of combustible materials decomposition emits highly toxic fumes of Hg use water spray, fog, or foam for firefighting purposes. 

The ionization potential of iodine is sufficiently low for it to form a number of compounds in which it is electropositive. It forms I cations, for example, by reaction of solid silver nitrate with iodine solution, and such cations are sufficiently electrophilic to substitute aromatic compounds such as phenol. Iodine also exhibits the interesting property of forming solutions that are violet colored in non-donor type solvents, such as tetrachloromethane, but in donor solvents, such as ethanol or dioxan, there is a strong iodine-solvent interaction, which gives the solution a deep brown color. Even though iodine solutions were commonly used as antiseptic agents, the element is classified as toxic, and care should be taken to avoid eye intrusions or excessive skin contact. 

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