Ethanol chemical production

Ethylene. Where ethylene is ia short supply and fermentation ethanol is made economically feasible, such as ia India and Bra2il, ethylene is manufactured by the vapor-phase dehydration of ethanol. The production of ethylene [74-85-1] from ethanol usiag naturally renewable resources is an active and useful alternative to the pyrolysis process based on nonrenewable petroleum. This route may make ethanol a significant raw material source for produciag other chemicals. 

Although chemicals co-production would be possible, it is, at the time of writing, limited to alcohol recovery from the aqueous product (not shown in Figure 18.7). In the Mossgas context this may or may not be viewed as chemicals production, since the alcohols can be used in fuels. The ethanol can be employed as blending component for motor gasoline, and the beneficial use of the heavier alcohols for diesel fuel has been demonstrated.54... 

The perfumes consist of raw fragrances dissolved in aqueous ethanol. Functional products are in a different group, comprising detergents, shampoos, shower gels, and oven cleaners. Functional products have an elaborated chemically-reactive matrix that does not allow using traditional fragrances recourse is made to inexpensive, chemically inert, odoriferous materials. 

P. Garhyan, S. S. E. H. Elnashaie, S. A. Haddad, G. Ibrahim, S. S. Elshishini, Exploration and exploitation of bifurcation/chaotic behavior of a continuous fermentor for the production of ethanol, Chemical Engineering Science, 58 (8), 1479-1496, 2003... 

In ethanol production from cellulose material, there is a huge amount of lignin left as a by-product. The lignin is a valuable raw material for chemical production in a biorefinery. So in order to reduce the transport cost of the lignin residue, it may be possible to mix it with other raw materials in pellet production in the near future. 

At present, roughly 80% of the current global energy needs comes from fossil fuels. Besides, oil is used as a raw material for the production of several chemical products. Ethanol (C2H5OH), a natural product obtained from biomass, is, on the one hand, a renewable source of energy that would be an important factor for near-zero carbon dioxide (C02) emissions, on the other hand, it is the basis for a C2 chemistry, that is, a raw material for the production of different chemical products [19,21,137-147], Besides, ethanol is accessible, can be easily transported, biodegradable, has low toxicity, and can be transformed by catalytic reactions [137],... 

Kosaric, N. and Vardar-Sukan, F., Potential sources of energy and chemical products, in The Biotechnology of Ethanol Classical and Future Applications, Roehr, M., Ed., Wiley-VCH, New York, 2001, pp. 90-226. 

The anaerobic fermentation of ethanol from sugar (Fig. 8.3) goes back to the Stone Age. In 1997, the fermentation of ethanol, mainly from sugar cane, molasses (Brazil) and corn (USA), amounted to 24 Mt worldwide, dwarfing the chemical production of 2.6 Mt a 1 [23]. Iogen (Canada) produces ethanol from... 

The chemical production of ethanol involves acid-catalyzed hydration of... 

Ethanol, chemicals, cattle feed Corn production, fermentation, bottoms drying -0.44... 

Com-derived starch is a readily available feedstock in the U.S. It is produced efficiently in large quantities in com wet mills and provides the basis for much of the biomass-derived chemical production presently in the market The starch is enzymatically hydrolyzed on a large s e to produce glucose, much of which is isomerized to fhictose for use as food sweetener, and the rest mostly goes into ethanol production for automotive fuel. The several separation processing steps in the com wet mill are summarized in Figure I. Equivalent processing could be lied to wheat and potato or other starch when the feedstock is available at a suitably low price. 

The production of multiple products is generally seen as necessary to increase the economic viability of biomass conversion. This is encapsulated in the concept of a biorefmery , which according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a facility that integrates conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power and chemicals from biomass [23], Examples of chemicals that can be produced from biomass include ethanol, methanol, furfural, paper, lignin, vanillin, lactic acid, dimethylsulfoxide and xylitol. In many cases, using biomass as a feedstock for chemical production requires an initial step to separate or fractionate the three main components into usable fractions [20, 22], This also maximises the usage of the different biomass components. 

The transfer of well-known perfume brands into cosmetic formulations will lead to the challenge of maintaining the perfume impression despite possible interactions with cosmetic care compounds. Microemulsions have proven to be very efficient in this respect. For example, a clear aftershave microemulsion formulated with non-ionic surfactants and isoeicosane is almost non-interfering with the perfume impression [45]. Because of the trend to reduce the amount of volatile organic chemicals, ethanol-free perfume micro emulsions are under further development. Non-sticky, non-fatty and ethanol-free products can be obtained through the usage of vicinal diols such as 1,2-hexanediol in microemulsion formulations [46]. 

A high yield of a 1, S-benzodiazepine is obtained under chemically mild conditions by refluxing the malononitrile derivative (13.6) in ethanol. The product, being an o-aminonitrile, would be expected to react with guanidine to form a new 2,4-diaminopyrimidine ring (cf. Part 1, p. 78), but this reaction failed. 

Bioethanol (ethanol from biomass) is nowadays the largest fermentation product obtained from sugar cane. In fact, bioethanol seems to be the most promising alternative energy source to be used as a fiiel, either alone or as mixture in gasoline. Besides, from bioethanol, many chemicals products may be produced, making the sugar cane-based feedstock process... 

Chemical Method. The compound MoO(OH)3 has been prepared by the method given in Inorganic Syntheses. After 1.0 g of finely ground MoO(OH)3 (6.1 mmol) and 6.0 mL (58.5 mmol) of 2,4-pentanedione are placed in a 25-mL round-bottomed flask, the mixture is heated under reflux for 6 h, during which time an intense brown solution forms. This is filtered warm by suction to remove a small amount of undissolved MoO(OH)3. The filtrate is kept in a freezer at — 10° overnight and then the brown microcrystalline precipitate is separated by filtration under suction. This is washed with water and then with ethanol. The product is dried in vacuo. The yield is... 

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