Estrogens side effects

Nandrolones aromatize to estrogen (as a NOR-ESTROGEN) at about 20% (1/5) of the rate that testosterone does. This results in little or no estrogenic side effects or reduction in HPTA function at a dosage of 1MG/KG of bodyweight weekly. 

Common estrogenic side effects Common progestational side effects... 

Estrogens induced cardioprotection seems to involve the ERa receptor. In fact, hearts from estrogens receptor-alpha knock out mice were sensitive to ischemia and reperfusion injury". Furthermore, estrogens receptor modulators which lack some of the estrogens side effects are shown to be cardioprotective raloxifene limited infarct size and incidence of ventricular fibrillation in an in vivo canine model of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. This effect was attenuated by the inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) or calcium activated potassium channels and completely abolished by both blocking NOS and Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Ischemia and reperfusion induced p38 MAPK activation was also attenuated in raloxifene treated hearts.12... 

Undiagnosed abnormal Prevention of benign breast Estrogenic side effects (nausea. ... 

In addition to myelosuppression, estramustine also possesses estrogenic side effects (gynecomastia, impotence, and elevated risk of thrombosis, and fluid retention) and is associated with hypercalcemia, acute attacks of porphyria, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema. 

Aromatase inhibitors are relatively well tolerated however have a number of distinct side effects are observed that stem from the state of estrogen deprivation induced by aromatase inhibitors. Side effects include hot flashes, joint and muscle aches, vasomotor symptoms and vaginal dryness. Variable effects of aromatase inhibitors on lipid levels have been observed. Trials comparing third generation aromatase inhibitors to tamoxifen have also repotted an increased risk of cardiovascular events in the group receiving aromatase inhibitors. 

Side effects associated with the use of combined oral contraceptives may be minimized by appropriately adjusting either the total estrogen or progestin content. 

As with all medications, there are potential adverse effects with combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Many side effects can be minimized or avoided by adjusting the estrogen and/or progestin content of the oral contraceptive. It is also important to have proper patient selection for oral contraceptives because some women are at increased risk for potentially serious side effects. 

Additional side effects have been noted in some women. Women with contact lenses may have visual changes and more disturbances with lenses. If normal saline eye drops do not help, referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended. Melasma and chloasma can occur secondary to estrogen stimulation of melanocyte production. Women with darker pigmentation are more susceptible. The melasma may not be... 

SUI. Systemic estrogen therapy also carries numerous short- and long-term side effect risks (mastodynia, uterine bleeding, nausea, thromboembolism, cardiac and cerebrovascular ischemic events, and enhanced breast and endometrial cancer risks). If estrogens are to be used in SUI management, only locally-administered products should be used (Table 50-4). 

Estramustine, an oral drug, also inhibits microtubule assembly and has weak estrogenic activity at the estradiol hormone receptors of the cell. Approximately 75% of a dose of estramustine is absorbed.15 The terminal half-life ranges between 20 to 24 hours, with nonrenal excretion as the major route of elimination. This drug is used primarily for the treatment of prostate cancer, but its use is limited by the side effects, which include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, thromboembolic events, and gynecomastia. 

Anastrozole is a selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that lowers estrogen levels. The pharmacokinetics of anastrozole demonstrate good absorption, with hepatic metabolism the primary route of elimination and only 10% excreted unchanged by the kidney. The elimination half-life is approximately 50 hours. Anastrozole is used for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-positive breast cancer and in breast cancer patients who have had disease progression following tamoxifen. Side effects include hot flashes, arthralgias, osteoporosis/bone fractures, and thrombophlebitis. 

Exemestane is an irreversible aromatase inactivator that binds to the aromatase enzyme to block the production of estrogen from androgens. Exemestane is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, with a terminal half-life of 24 hours. The drug is eliminated primarily by the liver and feces, with less than 1% of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine. Exemestane is indicated for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have had disease progression following tamoxifen therapy. Side effects include hot flashes, fatigue, osteoporosis/bone fractures, and flulike symptoms. 

Letrozole is another selective aromatase that inhibits the conversion of androgens to estrogen. Maximum plasma concentrations occur 1 hour after oral dosing concomitant food has not been shown to have an effect on the extent of absorption of letrazole. The terminal half-life is approximately 2 days. Letrozole is used in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive or unknown advanced breast cancer. Side effects include bone pain, hot flushes, back pain, nausea, arthralgia, osteoporosis/bone fractures, and dyspnea. 

Toremifene is a recently marketed antiestrogen whose primary advantage is a lower estrogenic antiestrogenic ratio than tamoxifen (based on laboratory data).41 Toremifene (60 mg orally daily) has been found to have efficacy similar to that of tamoxifen in metastatic disease and a generally similar side-effect profile.42 Currently, toremifene is indicated as an alternative to tamoxifen in patients with metastatic breast cancer, but studies are ongoing that evaluate its safety and efficacy in the adjuvant setting. 

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