Calcium-activated potassium channel

Vergara, C, Latorre, R, Marrion, NV and Adelman, JP (1998) Calcium-activated potassium channels. Curr. Op. Neurobiol. 8 321-329. 

Brenner R, Perez GJ, Bonev AD et al 2000 Vasoregulation by the fi 1 subunit of the calcium-activated potassium channel. Nature 407 870-876... 

FIGURE 2 Examples of the variety of structures obtained in natural product screens. I, zaragozic acid A, is an inhibitor of mammalian and fungal sterol synthesis, obtained from fungi (48) II, L-696,474, is an inhibitor of the HIV protease, obtained from fungi (51) III, dehydrosoyasaponin I, is an agonist of the calcium-activated potassium channel, obtained from a medicinal plant (58) IV, tetrandrine, is an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels, obtained from a plant (78). 

Xu M et ai, Shearinines D-K, new indole triterpenoids from an endophytic Penicillium sp. (strain HKI0459) with blocking activity on large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, Tetrahedron 63 435—444, 2007. 

Boettger, M. K., Till, S., Chen, M. X., Anand, U., Otto, W. R., Plumpton, C., Trezise, D. J., Tate, S. N., Bountra, C., Coward, K., Birch, R., Anand, P. Calcium-activated potassium channel SK1-and IK1-like immunoreactivity in injured human sensory neurones and its regulation by neurotrophic factors, Brain 2002, 125, 252-260. 

Combined, the above-outlined results indicate that both 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptors can regulate membrane excitability in the central nervous system (CNS) by targeting the calcium-activated potassium channels mediating /sAHP, the... 

Faber ES, Sah P. Calcium-activated potassium channels multiple contributions to neuronal function. Neuroscientist 2003 9 181-194. 

Andersson, D. A., Zygmunt, P. M., Movahed, P., Andersson, T. L., and Hogestatt, E. D. 2000. Effects of inhibitors of small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, inwardly-rectifying potassium channels and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase on EDHF relaxations in the rat hepatic artery. Br. J. Pharmacol. 129 1490-1496. 

Joiner, W. J., Wang, L.-Y., Tang, M. D., and Kaczmarek, L. K. 1997. hSK4, a member of a novel subfamily of calcium-activated potassium channel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 11013-11018. 

Kohler, M., Hirschberg, B., Bond, C. T., Kinzie, J. M., Manion, N. V., Maylie, J., and Adelman, J. P. 1996. Small-conductance,calcium-activated potassium channels from mammalian brain. Science 273 1709-1714. 

Marchenko, S. M., and Sage, S. O. 1996. Calcium-activated potassium channels in the endothelium of intact rat aorta. J. Physiol. (London) 492 53-60. 

Pena, T. L., and Rane, S. G. 1997. The small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel regulates ion channel expression in C3H10T1/2 cell ectopically expressing the muscle regulatory factor MRF4. J. Cell. Biochem. 272 21909-21916. 

Wulff, H., Gutman, G. A., Cahalan, M. D., and Chandy, K. G. 2001. Delineation of the clotrimazole/TRAM-34 binding site on the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, IKCal. J. Biol. Chem. 276 32040-32045. 

The role of calcium in regulating cardiovascular physiology is presented in the fourth section of this volume. House et al. have provided an excellent review on the structure of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and its role in the contractility as well as proliferation and migration of VSMC. Banderali et al. have examined in detail the cellular regulation and pharmacological properties of calcium-activated potassium channels and their role in control of vascular tone by endothelium. 

Wulff H et al (2007) Modulators of small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and their therapeutic indications. Curr Med Chem 14 1437-1457... 

Weaver AK, Liu X, Sontheimer H (2004) Role for calcium-activated potassium channels (BK) in growth control of human malignant glioma cells. J Neurosci Res 78 224-234... 

Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML (1999) Pharmacology of voltagegated and calcium-activates potassium channels. Curr Opin Chem Biol 3 448—458... 

Abdel-Razaq, W., T.E. Bates, and D.A. Kendall. 2007. The effects of antidepressants on cyclic AMP-response element-driven gene transcription in a model cell system. Biochem. Pharmacol. 73, 1995-2003. Adelman, J.P. et al. 1992. Calcium-activated potassium channels expressed from cloned complementary DNAs. Neuron 9, 209-216. 

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neurotransmitter, is found in extrinsic and intrinsic nerves of the heart. VIP is released by the vagal nerve, and its effect is to increase If and pacemaker rates (Chang etfl/., 1994 Acchi eta/., 1996). VIP release takes place under high-frequency stimulation. As an internal brake, it limits the ability of ACh to excessively suppress the sinus node and other pacemakers. It also has an effect on the calcium-activated potassium channel. 

Changing the positions of attachment of the two benzene rings linking the quinolinium moieties of the calcium-activated potassium channel blocker (82) reduced activity 10- to... 

Replacement of the benzene ring linkers of (82) (see above) by alkyl linkers (structure 132) permitted retention of blocking activity on calcium-activated potassium channels (81). The most potent member of the series studied was that in which m = n = 3. In this compound the two respective internitrogen distances closely approximate those in the benzene ring-linked compound (82). 

Haburcak M, Wei L, Viana F, Prenen J, Droogmans G and Nilius B, Calcium-activated potassium channels in cultured human endothelial cells are not directly modulated by nitric oxide. Cell Calcium 21(4) 291-300, 1997. 

Rapacon M, Mieyal P, McGiff JC, Fulton D, Quilley J Contribution of calcium-activated potassium channels to the vasodilator effect of bradykinin in the isolated, perfused kidney of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 118 1504-8,1996... 

Estrogens induced cardioprotection seems to involve the ERa receptor. In fact, hearts from estrogens receptor-alpha knock out mice were sensitive to ischemia and reperfusion injury". Furthermore, estrogens receptor modulators which lack some of the estrogens side effects are shown to be cardioprotective raloxifene limited infarct size and incidence of ventricular fibrillation in an in vivo canine model of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. This effect was attenuated by the inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) or calcium activated potassium channels and completely abolished by both blocking NOS and Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Ischemia and reperfusion induced p38 MAPK activation was also attenuated in raloxifene treated hearts.12... 

K. Node, M. Kitakaze, H Kosaka, T. Minamino, H. Funaya and M. Hori, Amelioration of ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial injury by 17beta-cstradiol role of nitric oxide and calcium activated potassium channels, Circulation 96(6), 1953-1963 (1997). 

Ledoux, J., Werner, M. E., Brayden, J. E., Nelson, M. T. Calcium-activated potassium channels and the regulation of vascular tone. Physiology (Bethesda) 2006,2111, 69—78. 

Venom of Israeli scorpion (Leiurus quinquestria-tus). Protein toxin MW 7000. Blocks calcium-activated potassium channels in mammalian skeletal muscle. 

Knaus HG, McManus OB, Lee SH, Schmalhofer WA, Garcia-Calvo M, Helms L, Sanchez M, Giangiacomo K, Reuben JP, Smith A III, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML. Tremorgenic indole alkaloids potently inhibit smooth muscle high-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Biochemistry 33 5819-5828, 1994. 

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