Estimated costs

Bauman, H. C., Estimating Cost of Process Auxiliaries, Chem. Engg. Progr., 51 45, 1955. 

Estimated cost casing drilling operation well equipment TOTAL Estimated rig time 000 200 2000 400 2600 28 days Type of well Deviated, oil, development Drilling rig Jolly Roger-1 Datum Level DFE 88ft above MSL Sea Bed 250ft Total Depth 3700ft Conductor No No.8 ... 

Soil. Composting of soils contaminated by high explosives is being carried out at the Umatilla Army Depot near Hermiston, Oregon (70). Soil from munitions washout lagoons is being treated iadoors ia compost rows of 2,000 m, and the estimated cost is less than one-third the estimated cost of iaciaeration. If this is successful, there are 30 similar sites on the National Priority List that could be treated ia a similar way. 

Table 8. Estimated Costs of PET Methanolysis Based on 1993-1994 Data ...

Produced from a.tura.1 Ga.s, Cost assessments of methanol produced from natural gas have been performed (13—18). Projections depend on such factors as the estimated costs of the methanol production faciUty, the value of the feedstock, and operating, maintenance, and shipping costs. Estimates vary for each of these factors. Costs also depend on the value of oil. Oil price not only affects the value of natural gas, it also affects the costs of plant components, labor, and shipping. 

These limitations can be addressed in a number of ways. First, plasma source implantation techniques have the ability to treat compHcated geometries and are presently being evaluated for commercial appHcations. Where the estimated cost for beam-line implantation is estimated to be as high as 0.64/cm (2) or as low as 0.01 /cm for coming generation machines (3), industrial-scale plasma source implantation techniques have also been estimated to cost around 0.01/cm (4). 

W. M. Vatavuk, Estimating Costs of Air Pollution Control, Lewis Pubhshers / CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ela., 1990. 

The Dickson N method [R. A. Dickson, Chem. Eng., 54, 121-123 (November 1947)] is a variation of the detailed price takeoff. Various circiiits for each type of pipe are completely priced for a base size. Another chart gives an N faclor for all other pipe sizes. Multiplying the cost of the circuit for the base size by the appropriate N factor yields the estimated cost of the new circuit of the desired pipe size. The method depends for its accuracy on periodic repricing of the base-size circiiits in order to keep the base charts up to date. 

Electrical and Instrumentation Estimation These costs usually range from 4 to 10 percent of the total installed plant cost, with a median value of about 7.5 percent. As with piping estimation, the process design must be almost completed before detailed drawings and specifications can be prepared for estimating purposes. However, actual elec trical costs can be up to 100 percent higher than estimated costs, and so it is important to attempt to maintain the accuracy range within reasonable hmits. 

Cost reports should be brief but informative, preferably in sum-maiy form. They should report expenditures and commitments, estimated costs to complete, and expected overruns or underruns of the authorized budget for each important item of cost. Brief notes should emphasize significant deviations from predicted cost. Any large, persistent overrun should have already been investigated and reported to the project and construc tion managers for immediate attention. If an expected overrun cannot be avoided, the current summaiy cost report should serve as justification for a request for additional funds. 

TABLE 27-16 Estimated Costs of Direct Coal Liquefaction Plant... 

TABLE 27-17 Estimated Costs of Indirect Coal Liquefaction Plant (1993 US Dollars)... 

V atauk, W. M., "Estimating Costs of Air Pollution Control." Lewis, Chelsea, Ml, 1990. 

Corripio, A. B., Chrien, K. S., and Evans, L. B.. Estimate Costs of Heat Exchangers and Storage Tanks Via Correlations, Chemical Engineering. Jan. 25,... 

Purohit, G. R, Estimating Costs of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers, Chemical Engineering, Aug. 22,... 

Steen-Johnsen, H., How to Estimate Cost of Steam Turbines, Hydrocarbon Processing, Oct. 1967. pp. 126-130. 

The facility costs are based on the concept of a mobile remote repair facility. The advantages of this concept are low-cost, minimal shielding requirements, and flexible use of the overall repair facility. The main components for a remote repair are the electron accelerator, the power supply, and the robotic control system including the remote video system. Table 14 shows the estimated costs for these main components. 

Seppanen, O. (1999). Estimated Cost of Indoor Climate in Finnish Buildings. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Edinburgh, Scotland. 

NRC estimated costs of alternative fuels, including incremental vehicle costs, compared to oil at 20 per barrel. 

In a comparison of nine economic models, estimated costs to the United States as of the late 1990s ranged from a loss in gross domestic product from 40 billion to 180 billion, with assumptions of no emission trading from 20 billion to 90 billion with trading only among developed countries and from... 

I, = index value for earlier year represented by L ECg = equipment estimated cost for year represented by 2. 

Industry or agency Estimated cost ( M) Estimated potential saving ... 

Extra cost compared to direct fermentation are mainly concerned with addition of PPA (precursor addition) or ACA (bioconversion). Table 8.9 compares estimated costs for foe PPA and ACA process based on foe data considered previously (section 8.6.1 and 8.6.2). Costs are estimated for production of 100 tonnes per year. 

Table 8.8 Estimated costs of production of L-phenylalanlne by enzymatic methods (100 tonnes per year). PPA = phenylpyruvtc acid, ACA = acetamidodnnamic add, L-ASP = L-aspartic acid.

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