Estimate tracking

The control estimate has been replaced by a procedure called trending, or estimate tracking, which is continuous cost estimate tracking leading directly into cost control as the project s appropriation is spent. It is a much more time-responsive way of controlling costs on the project and a snapshot of the trended estimate can be published as the control estimate at any appropriate time. It is helpful in today s world, where immediate... 

The work breakdown structure (WBS) is widely considered to be the most essential construct required for effective project management. The tool decomposes or breaks down project activities and tasks into the smallest possible unit of work. After the construction of the WBS, it becomes the core of the center of the project plan and the primary driver for the remaining project. Thus, resource planning, estimates, tracking, or risk management are all based on the WBS. 

W. Innes Some Formulae for Estimating Tracking Errors Feb 7,1992... 

The Opiates. The International Narcotics Control Board—Vienna, tracks the tick production of narcotic dmgs and annually estimates world requkements for the United Nations. Thek most recent pubHcation (100) points out that more than 95% of the opium for Hcit medical and scientific purposes is produced by India and, in a declining trend, only about 600 t was utilized in 1988. This trend appears to be due to the fact that the United States, the largest user of opium for alkaloid extraction, reduced the amount of opium being imported from about 440 t in 1986 to 249 t in 1987 and 224 t in 1988. The United States used about 48 t of morphine (2, R = H) in 1988, most (about 90%) being converted to codeine (2, R = CH3) and the remainder being used for oral adrninistration to the terminally ill (about 2 t) and for conversion to other materials of minor commercial import which, while clearly alkaloid-derived, are not naturally occurring. 

The increase in residential fuelwood consumption over this period parallels the sharp increase in costs of oil, natural gas, and electricity and can be tracked by the number of wood-burning stoves in homes. Between 1950 and 1973, the estimated number of stoves dropped from 7.3 million to 2.6... 

The use of process flow diagrams and material balances are worthwhile methods to quantify losses or emissions and provide essential data to estimate the size and cost of additional equipment, other data to evaluate economic performance, and a basefine for tracking the progress of minimization efforts (Ref. 3). Material balances should be apphed to individual waste streams or processes and then utilized to construct an overall balance for the facility. Details on these calculations are available in the literature (Ref. 8). In addition, an introduction to this subject is provided in the next section. 

A control system that contains a LQ Regulator/Tracking controller together with a Kalman filter state estimator as shown in Figure 9.8 is called a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control system. 

Source Terms and In-Plant Transport the fraction of the inventory that makes it to the environment must be estimated. Computer models are to track the hazardous materials that are released from their process confinement through transport and deposition inside the plant to their release into the environment as a source term for atmospheric and aquatic di.spersion. 

If the light-scattering objects originally present in the airflow are unsuitable for LDA measurements due to insufficient concentration or incorrect estimated flow-tracking capability, the air must be seeded with oil smoke, tobacco smoke, or titanium dioxide tracer particles or droplets. A simple smoke candle is generally suitable for seeding, even if the enclosure is large and the air path is not closed as in several cases of industrial ventilation. 

Some of the 220 detectors recently recovered have been analysed not only for radon exposure but also to determine the value of F (the equilibrium factor) in the houses. A preliminary set of such F factor results, obtained by analysing the inner and outer LR- 115 track densities of each detector, are presented in Table III for 12 houses with mean indoor radon concentrations greater than 200 Bq/nP. In Table III are also presented radon daughter doses estimated using the individually determined equilibrium factor values F together with the doses estimated on the basis of an assumed mean F factor value of 0.45. 

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