Essential oils world trade

In the food industry, these natural products have now been classified under a new class of food called nutraceuticals or functional foods, because these products provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition 22, 23). According to Wilkinson 24), most of the nutraceuticals used in the food industry are plant derived. Further, Addae-Mensah (25), showed that the world trade in medicinal plants accounts for about 30% of the total dmg market and was estimated excluding plants used as raw material sources for the essential oils required to manufacture cosmetics, food additives and other non-medicinal purposes. The increased recogiution of the value of natural products in the pharmaceutical, neutraceutical, cosmetic and other industries have created a huge demand for raw natural products. By taking Rooibos tea as an example from South Africa, Wilson 26) in detail describes the demand for Rooibos from different countries. However, for many natural products estimation of the actual demand is very difficult and the data sparse given the diversity of natural products used across industries and production variation within and across countries and the lack of... 

Many essential oils are obtained from a protracted route of middlemen. With Ylang-ylang for instance, the Madagascan hill farmer grows and crops the flowers that are bought by distillation cooperatives, which prepare the oils and sell to the first-world traders, who in turn trade with... 

The EO industry is highly complex and fragmented and the trade of EOs is rather conservative and highly specialized. EOs are produced and utilized worldwide in both industrialized and developing countries. The trade situation in the world is summarized in Trade of Essential Oils (Chapter 20), authored by a world-renowned expert Hugo Bovill. 

This CoP is complementing the information of IFRA and lOFI. It is continuously updated by experts of the industry and the trade by the Hazard Communication Working Group (HCWG) and furnishes for the disposal of people all over the world occupied in handling essential oils and aromatic chemicals an up-to-date recommendation for a proper classification and labeling of hazardous fragrance and flavor raw materials (Protzen, 1989). 

Europe, and the less developed countries without significant oil and gas resources. This, in turn, could result in economic depression, internal political instability and, possibly, armed conflicts (i.e., resource wars) - all of which would place an enormous financial and military burden on the United States. Certainly the U.S.S.R. and its primary trading partners, in spite of what appears to be a somewhat more favorable domestic energy resource picture, would not want a serious world crisis over energy in view of the sad history of previous world confrontations over essential raw materials. 

At the same time, the U.S. chemical manufacturing industry is not what it used to be. Once a major net exporter, the U.S. chemical industry is now essentially a net importer (trade went negative in 2000-2001).2 Some think that today the U.S. chemical industry is, in fact, fundamentally disadvantaged relative to the rest of the world because of its dependence on oil and natural gas for raw materials, which have become less abundant and much more costly. The cost of natural gas in the United States is now 2 to 10 times higher than anywhere else in the world. The high cost of raw materials and labor in the United States, provides an incentive for investments in new plants and even new research centers outside the United States.3... 

Many industries are involved such as forestry, agriculture, chemical, food, flavour, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fragrance. The plant raw materials are roots, rhizomes, bulbs, leaves, stems, barks, wood, flowers, fruits and seeds. These yield gums, resins, essential (volatile) oils, fixed oils, waxes, juices, extracts and spices for medicinal and aromatic purposes. All these commodities are traded world-wide. A dealer s market report for an item may say Drought in the country of origin has forced up prices . 

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