Escherichia coli risk factors

Brandi, M. T. and Amundson, R. (2008). Leaf age as a risk factor in contamination of lettuce with Escherichia coli 0157 H7 and Salmonella enterica. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 2298-2306. 

Antimicrobial chemotherapy against diseases caused by Escherichia coli producing Shiga toxin has been implicated as a risk factor for progression to the hemolytic-uremic sjmdrome. 

FIGURE 4.2 The chain of events that link super-shedding cattle and the risk of human infection of Escherichia coli 0157. Vertical arrows represent the epidemiological processes involved, with larger arrows indicating an increased risk. Dotted arrows indicate factors that influence risk. Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd Chase-Topping et al. (2008), copyright 2008. 

Risk factors for the presence of high-level shedders of Escherichia coli 0157 on Scottish farms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45, 1594—1603. 

ElUs-lversen, J., Cook, A. J. C., Smith, R. P., Pritchard, G. C., and Nielen, M. (2009). Temporal patterns and risk factors for Escherichia coli 0157 and Campylobacter spp. in young cattle. /. Food Prot. 72, 490 96. 

Kuhnert, P., Dubosson, C. R., Roesch, M., Homfeld, E., Doherr, M. G., and Blum, J. W. (2005). Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle. Vet. Microbiol. 109, 37-45. 

Acute pyelonephritis is commonly caused by a bacterial agent. Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria account for 90% of these infections. Chronic recurrences of acute episodes are usually caused by predisposing factors such as functional abnormalities including indwelling catheters, anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract that cause stasis or obstruction, urolithiasis, malignancy, neurogenic bladder, and foreign bodies. Other risk factors include diabetes mellitus, age, and the presence of immune deficiency. Females are more prone to urinary tract infection... 

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