Escherichia coli fatty-acid synthases

The second type of arrangement observed for sequentially related enzymes is exemplified by the Escherichia coli fatty acid synthase (see chapter 18). This synthase is a complex of most of the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. The intermediates in this case are bound to the enzyme complex until synthesis is complete. 

All the reactions in the synthetic process are catalyzed by a multienzyme complex, fatty acid synthase. Although the details of enzyme structure differ in prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli and in eukaryotes, the four-step process of fatty acid synthesis is the same in all organisms. We first describe the process as it occurs in A1, coli, then consider differences in enzyme structure in other organisms. 

What are the characteristics of the fatty acid synthase in the bacterium Escherichia coli that distinguish it from the mammalian multienzyme complex ... 

Iwig DF, Grippe AT, McIntyre TA, Booker SJ. Isotope and elemental effects indicate a rate-limiting methyl transfer as the initial step in the reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. Biochemistry 2004 43 13510-13524. 

Courtois E, Ploux O. Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase is a bound bicarbonate ion the active-site base Biochemistry 2005 44 13583-13590. 

Enzymes. The structures of both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in plants more closely resemble their counterparts in Escherichia coli than those in animal cells. For example, in E. coli and plants, each of the enzyme activities of fatty acid synthase is found on a separate protein. 

Grogan DW, Cronan JE Jr. (1984) Cloning and manipulation of the Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene physiological aspects of enzyme overproduction. JBacterial 158 286-295. 

Carrol. L (1942) Through the looking-glass and what Alice found there.. Macmillan and Co Ltd, London. Joshi. A. K. Smith. S., (1993) Construction of a cDNA encoding the multifimctional animal fatty acid synthase and expression in Spodoptera fmgiperrda cells using baculovirus vectors. Biochem, J. 296 143-149. Kater. M. M., et al., (1991) cDNA cloning and expression ofBrassica napus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase in Escherichia coli.. Plant Mol. Biol. 17 895-909. 

L. Serre, E.C. Verbree, Z. Dauter, A.R. Stuilje, Z.S. Derewenda, The Escherichia coli malo-nyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase at 1.5-angstrom resolution—crystal-structure of a fatty-acid synthase component. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12961-12964 (1995)... 

Taylor FR, Cronan JE Jr. Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase of Escherichia coli. Stabilization, purification, and interaction with phospholipid vesicles. Biochemistry 1979 18 3292-3300... 

Reiser SE, Mitsky TA, Gruys KJ (2000) Characterization and cloning of an (R)-specific trans-2,3-enoylacyl-CoA hydratase from Rhodospirillum rubrum and use of this enzyme for PHA production in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53 209-218 Robert J, Marchesini S, Delessert S, Poirier Y (2005) Analysis of the beta-oxidation of tians-unsaturated fatty acid in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a peroxisomal PHA synthase reveals the involvement of a reductase-dependent pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 1734 169-177... 

Siggaard-Andersen, M. Role of Escherichia coli P-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. CarlsbergRes Commun 1988 53 371-379. 

Vagelos PR, Alberts AW. Malonyl coenzyme A-CO2 exchange reaction. J Biol Chem 1960 235 2786-2791. Alberts AW, Majerus PW, Vagelos PR. fi-Ketoacyl carrier protein synthase. Meth Enzymol 1969 14 57-60. Cronan JE, Birge CH, Vagelos PR. Evidence for two genes specifically involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1969 100 601-604. 

---