Erythromycin-neomycin

Preoperative colon preparation Intestinal antisepsis Oral antibiotics Erythromycin-neomycin... 

CAUTION. Bioavailability of digoxin gets altered due to the presence of such drugs as antacids, antineoplastic agents, cholestyramine resins, dietary fibre, erythromycin, neomycin, tetracyclines, metoclopramide, sulphasalazine and propantheline. 

The search for effective and nontoxic antibiotics is unceasing. Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, thousands of antibiotics have been isolat and studied. But relatively few are in active use. The following are among the better known and more widely used antibiotics bacitracin, chlortetracy-cline (Aureomycin), erythromycin, neomycin, nisin, nystatin, oxytetracycline (Terramycin), penicillin, pimaricin, streptomycin, and tylosin. 

Streptomyces capreolus Capreomycin sulfate Streptomyces davuHgerus Clavulanic acid Streptomyces distallicus Stallimycin HCl Streptomyces erythreus Erythromycin Streptomyces fradiae Neomycin... 

Topical antibiotics exert a direct local effect on specific microorganisms and may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bacitracin (Baciguent) inhibits the cell wall synthesis. Bacitracin, gentamicin (G-myticin), erythromycin (Emgel), and neomycin are examples of topical antibiotics. These drugp are used to prevent superficial infections in minor cuts, wounds, skin abrasions, and minor burns. Erythromycin is also indicated for treatment of acne vulgaris. 

Chloral hydrate Chloramphenicol Cimetidine Ciprofloxacin Clofibrate Danazol Disulfiram Doxycycline Erythromycin Fenofibrate Fluconazole Fluorouracil Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Gemfibrozil Influenza vaccine Isoniazid Itraconazole Fovastatin Metronidazole Miconazole Moxalactam Neomycin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Omeprazole Phenylbutazone Piroxicam Propafenone Propoyxphene Quinidine Sertraline Sulfamethoxazole Sulfinpyrazone Tamoxifen Testosterone Vitamin E Zafirlukast... 

Intravenous antibiotic administration is the most common delivery method for surgical prophylaxis. Intravenous administration ensures complete bioavailability while minimizing the impact of patient-specific variables. Oral administration is also used in some bowel operations. Non-absorbable compounds like erythromycin base and neomycin are given up to 24 hours prior to surgery to cleanse the bowel. Note that oral agents are used adjunctively and do not replace IV agents. 

Colorectal bOral neomycin 1 g plus erythromycin Cefazolin 1-2 g IV plus metronidazole 0.5-1 g IV... 

Nichols RL, Broido P, Condon RE, Gorbach SL, Nyhus LM Effect of preoperative neomycin-erythromycin intestinal preparation on the incidence of infectious complications following colon surgery. Ann Surg 1973 178 453-462. 

DiPiro JT, Patrais JM, Townsend RJ, Bowden TA Jr, Hooks VH 3rd, Smith RB, Spiro TE Oral neomycin sulfate and erythromycin base before colon surgery A comparison of serum and tissue concentrations. Pharmacotherapy 1985 5 91-94. 

The combination of 1 g of neomycin and 1 g of erythromycin base given orally 19, 18, and 9 hours preoperatively is the most commonly used oral regimen in the United States. 

Other key classes of antibacterials include the tetracyclines (Aureomycin, Terramycin), macrolides (erythromycin, Zithromax, Biaxin), and aminoglycosides (streptomycin, amikacin, neomycin). These antibacterials are protein synthesis inhibitors. 

Bacitracin B Chlortetracycline B Erythromycin B Hygromycin B H Lasalocid C Lincomycin B Monensin C Neomycin B Novobiocin B Nystatin F Oxytetracycline B Penicillin G B Salinomycin C Streptomycin B Tylosin B Virginiamycin... 

The conventional bioassays based on methodology developed by FDA and expanded by FSIS use four extractant buffers, five test organisms, five growth media, two incubation temperatures, and penicillinase to detect, identify, and/or quantify antibiotics such as the penicillins, streptomycins, tetracyclines, neomycins, erythromycin, tylosin, etc. Bioassay laboratory results are used by FSIS to take regulatory action and by FDA to prosecute farmers with histories of improperly withdrawing antibiotics before marketing their herds or flocks. 

A combination of neomycin and nonabsorbable erythromycin base given orally prior to colorectal surgery can markedly reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Orally administered neomycin is sometimes used to suppress the facultative flora of the gut in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. It is unclear how this improves coma, but one theory is that it reduces systemic absorption of the bacterial metabo-htes that allegedly cause hepatic encephalopathy. Although more than 95% of an oral dose of neomycin is excreted unchanged in the stool of normal subjects, the bioavaUabUity of neomycin may be much higher in patients with an abnormal gastrointestinal mucosa. 

Chloramphenicol (bacteriostatic interrupts protein synthesis at the ribosome) Macrolides (bacteriostatic interrupt protein synthesis at the SOS ribosome subunit) e.g., erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin Lincomycins (bacteriostatic interrupt protein synthesis at the SOS subunit) Aminoglycosides (bactericidal interrupt protein synthesis at the 30S subunit) e.g., gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, tobramycin Tetracyclines (bacteriostatic interrupt protein synthesis at the 30S subunit) e.g., tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline... 

In preparation for elective bowel surgery, 1 g of neomycin is given orally every 6-8 hours for 1-2 days, often combined with 1 g of erythromycin base. This reduces the aerobic bowel flora with little effect on anaerobes. In hepatic coma, coliform flora can be suppressed by giving 1 g every 6-8 hours together with reduced protein intake, thus reducing ammonia intoxication. Use of neomycin for hepatic coma has been almost entirely supplanted by lactulose, which is much... 

Besides -lactams and streptomycin, many other drugs including sulfonamides, and to a lesser extent neomycin, nitrofurans, erythromycin, spiramycin, novobiocin, and the tetracyclines, are known to cause allergic reactions in sensitive persons (80, 91). However, such reactions in humans arc variable and are mostly related to therapeutic use. 

Antibiotics a, chiortetracyciine b, erythromycin c, gentamicin d, neomycin e, oxytetracycline t, penicillins g, streptomycin h, tetracycline i, tylosin j, chloramphenicol. Sulfonamides k, sulfabromomethazine I, sulta-chlorpyridazine m, sulfadiazine n, sulfadimethoxine o, sulfaethoxypyridazine p, sulfamethoxypyridazine q, sulfapyridine r, sulfamethazine s, sulfaquinoxaline t, sulfathiazole... 

Antibiotics a neomycin b tetracycline c streptomycin d penicillin e chlortetracycline f oxytetracycline g gentamicin h erythromycin. Sulfonamides sulfachlorpyridazine k sulfamethazine I sulfadimethoxine m sulfathiazole n sulfadiazine... 

---