Equivalent mean

The characteristic of a relational database model is the organization of data in different tables that have relationships with each other. A table is a two-dimensional consti uction of rows and columns. All the entries in one column have an equivalent meaning (c.g., name, molecular weight, etc. and represent a particular attribute of the objects (records) of the table (file) (Figure 5-9). The sequence of rows and columns in the tabic is irrelevant. Different tables (e.g., different objects with different attributes) in the same database can be related through at least one common attribute. Thus, it is possible to relate objects within tables indirectly by using a key. The range of values of an attribute is called the domain, which is defined by constraints. Schemas define and store the metadata of the database and the tables. 

B. Equivalent mean (/x) and standard deviation a) Lognormal distribution... 

For hard sphere collisions, v(v) would be proportional to v9 and the mean free path independent of v A(v) is an equivalent mean free path for a- general force law. Cf. S. Chapman and T. G. Cowling, The Mathematical Theory of Non- Uniform Oases, pp. 91 and 348, Cambridge University Press, 1958. 

The microbial activity of wastewater under anoxic conditions is lower compared with aerobic conditions (Abdul-Talib et al., 2001). This is important to consider, because a low nitrate uptake rate (NUR) compared with the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in units of electron equivalents means a reduced transformation rate of the most biodegradable fractions of the organic matter. As mentioned under the point on injection of air, this may have implications in terms of treatment. Furthermore, a relatively low NUR value also has operational advantages because of a reduced demand for nitrate to suppress sulfide formation. 

Chlorination, pasteurization, and other equivalent means of disinfecting final effluents. Disinfection is generally utilized inside vaccine-antitoxins production facilities, and in some cases dechlorination may be required. 

NFPA 30A does not specify limits on the location of fuel dispensers except that they must be at least 6 m (20 ft) from any fixed source of ignition. Dispensers should be solidly mounted on a refueling island or some similar equivalent means. Protection should be provided in the form of bollards or guardrail to prevent errant vehicles from colliding with the dispenser. For above-ground tanks, dispensers can be mounted directly on the tanks. 

The edema-reducing effects of class II compression stockings in patients with chronic venous insufficiency have been compared with those given either a placebo or a dried horse chestnut seed extract (HSCE, providing aescin 50 mg twice daily) in a randomized, partially blinded, parallel study. After 12 weeks of therapy, HSCE and compression produced equivalent mean decreases in lower-leg volume (44 and 47 ml, respectively), whereas a mean increase of 10 ml was observed in the placebo group. 

All the hydrogens are equivalent, meaning they are indistinguishable from each other. 

We see that the electron-vibron Hamiltonian (145) is equivalent to the free-particle Hamiltonian (154). This equivalence means that any quantum state IV a), obtained as a solution of the Hamiltonian (154) is one-to-one equivalent to the state ) as a solution of the initial Hamiltonian (145), with the same matrix elements for any operator... 

The one key to traceability that must be supplied from outside the laboratory is the traceability of values carried by references, especially by certified reference materials. As these values are also established by measurements, the same features required from analytical laboratories also apply for producers of reference materials. Additionally information on the stability and homogeneity of the reference material in form of an expiration date or by equivalent means is required. 

The goal of equivalence trials is to demonstrate that the test drug and an active comparator drug are equivalent. Like several words that we have already encountered in this book (e.g., significance), the word equivalent is used in both everyday language and in Statistics, but its use in Statistics is specific. In this context, equivalence means that, in the best case scenario, the test treatment is... 

Utilize AA, ICP/AES, or equivalent means to analyze the silver content of the silver mixture. Preferably, one will utilize a freshly prepared standard or standards, preferably prepared according the equipment manufacturer s instructions, with appropriate dilution as needed. 

Figure 1.11, prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, describes the global carbon cycle. It provides data that was collected in 2001. Since that date, the yearly anthropogenic carbon emissions (measured in carbon equivalent terms) increased from 6.3 to about 9 billion metric tons (over 1 ton per capita in the world). In November 2007, the National Academy of Science reported actual emissions for 2006 as 8.4 billion tons. Carbon equivalent means that the emission of 3.7 tons of COz is counted as the emission of 1 ton of carbon, so the 8.4 billion tons per year of carbon that enters the atmosphere owing to fossil fuel combustion corresponds to 33 billion tons per year of C02 because of the molecular weight ratio of COz to carbon (44/12). 

Eliminating non-equivalent meanings and symbols for what should be identical terms in the historically evolved, but illogically separated, subsystems of nomenclature that are endemic today ... 

We want to emphasise that the char-forming tendency is a statistical concept. The fact that the phenyl group has a Cpx value of 1 C equivalent means that on the average only one out of six phenyl groups in the polymer goes into the residue (five going into the tar and gas). 

We have therefore two equivalent means of defining the strobilism of a compound relative to others, but on the express condition that they all belong to the same family, that is, on condition that the distribution of the coulomb integrals along the ring belongs to the same point group. 

In version 1, the definition is qualified by the statement In the last case of this definition, let logically equivalent mean equivalent according to the rules of classical two-valued propositional calculus. This qualification means, in effect, that Definition 1 defines the system of classical, two-valued logic. The definition is employed in the following theorem ... 

These ideas also generalize neatly to higher-order systems. A fixed point of an th-order system is hyperbolic if all the eigenvalues of the linearization lie off the imaginary axis, i.e., Re(Aj iO for / = ,. . ., . The important Hartman-Grobman theorem states that the local phase portrait near a hyperbolic fixed point is topologically equivalent to the phase portrait of the linearization in particular, the stability type of the fixed point is faithfully captured by the linearization. Here topologically equivalent means that there i s a homeomorphism (a continuous deformation with a continuous inverse) that maps one local phase portrait onto the other, such that trajectories map onto trajectories and the sense of time (the direction of the arrows) is preserved. 

The term one reducing equivalent means that 1 mol of electrons is present in the form or one gram-equivalent of a reduced electron carrier. One mole of NAD+, when reduced to 1 mol of NADH, utilizes 2 mol of electrons from 1 mol of substrate (Chapter 13) ... 

The specific surface determined by any of the above methods can be converted into an equivalent mean spherical diameter xsv using the following simple equation xsv = 6/Sv, where Sv is volume specific surface. The equivalent mean diameter xsv is the size of a spherical particle which, if the powder consisted of only such particles, would have specific surface area the same as the actual sample. 

Park, J.H., The equivalent mean absorption cross sections for the O2 Schumann-Runge bands Application to the H2O and NO photodissociation rates. J Atmos Sci 312, 1893, 1974. 

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