Equipment selection chart

Table 5.7 Equipment selection chart for resin transfer molding...

If you cannot select suitable equipment for your current environment, you may need to control the environment in order to carry out the measurements. In such areas the environmental factors important to maintaining stable measurement should be monitored and the monitoring equipment calibrated. Chart recorders enable you to monitor conditions without having to be in constant attendance. The environment should be controlled in areas where calibration is carried out in order to provide stable conditions in which accurate and precise measurement can be taken. However, some modern equipment is so stable that environmental controls are unnecessary except in special circumstances. 

The Sylvan Chart [2] of Figure 4-3 is useful in preliminary equipment selection, although arranged primarily for dust separations, it is applicable in the appropriate parts to liquid separations. Perry [23] presents a somewhat similar chart that is of different form but contains much of the same information as Figure 4-1 and 4-lA. 

Figure 10.2, which is based on a similar chart given by Matthews (1971), can be used to select the type of screening equipment likely to be suitable for a particular size range. Equipment selection will normally be based on laboratory and pilot scale screening tests, conducted with the co-operation of the equipment vendors. The main factors to be considered, and the information that would be required by the firms supplying proprietary screening equipment, are listed below ... 

A selection chart for solids mixing equipment is given by Jones (1985). 

A number of equipment selection guides have been published. Pratt and Hanson [Chap. 16 in Handbook of Solvent Extraction, Lo, Baird, and Hanson, eds. (Wiley, 1983 Krieger, 1991)] provide a detailed comparison chart for 20 equipment types considering 14 characteristics. Pratt and Stevens [Chap. 8 in Science and Practice of Liquid-Liquid Extraction, vol. 1, Thornton, ed. (Oxford, 1992)] modified the Pratt and Hanson selection guide to include solvent volatility and flammability design parameters. Stichlmair [Chem. Ing. Tech., 52(3) pp. 253-255 (1980)] and Holmes, Karr, and Cusack (AIChE... 

It is clear that there has previously been no accepted standard approach to solid/liquid equipment selection. With the now widespread availability of personal computers, however, the development of computer software is an ideal way to solve the problem of equipment selection. While rule-based expert systems appeared to provide the optimum solution at first, it became apparent to some researchers that inherent restrictions would prevent their widespread application. Thus, interactive personal computer software, partly based on an expert system approach, was developed to corrrmercial standards (i.e. p -SELECT, Tarleton and Wakeman, 1991 see also Wakeman and Tarletorr, 1991a) and further adapted for incorporation within FDS (Filter Design Software, 2005). The philosophies, charts, tables and knowledge used are described in the remainder of this section. 

Sizing, 451, 453, 455, 459, 462 Sonic flow, 461 Types, illustrations, 411-421 Rupture disk, liquids, 462, 466 Rupture disk/pressure-relief valves combination, 463 Safely relief valve, 400 See Relief valve Safety valve, 400, 434 Safety, vacuum, 343 Scale-up, mixing, 312, 314—316 Design procedure, 316-318 Schedules/summaries Equipment, 30, 31 Lines, 23, 24 Screen particle size, 225 Scrubber, spray, 269, 270 Impingement, 269, 272 Separator applications, liquid particles, 235 Liquid particles, 235 Separator selection, 224, 225 Comparison chart, 230 Efficiency, 231... 

Separation of components occurs as the analytes and mobile phase are pumped through the column. Eventually, each component elutes from the column as a narrow band or peak on the recorder. Detection of the eluting components is important, and this can be either selective or universal, depending upon the detector used. Tlte response of the detector to each component is displayed on a chart recorder or computer screen and is known as a chromatogram. To collect, store, and analyze chromatograms, computers, integrators, and other data processing equipment are frequently used. 

Technique Selection. The design of an experiment is dictated by the nature of the analytical techniques available. The "alphabet soup" of surface methods provide many alternatives to the researcher, but they also add confusion because few workers have a complete array of methods at their laboratory nor do they have a working knowledge of the many possible techniques. Comparison charts, such as Table II (also see ref. 25) can help in selection of appropriate techniques, but operator experience, equipment style and accessories, and availability all make important differences. Frequently it is useful to apply two or more complimentary methods to solve a problem. The different types of data can be used to confirm or rule out any particular model or theory. 

The product of this 8 year systematic study was the publication of the safety design manual entitled, "Structvires to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions" (Army s Publication TM5-1300). An outline of studies leading to publication of this manual is shown in Fig 1. The manual contains procedures, charts, and tables required to establish the environment of an explosion and its output in terms of blast and fragments. The relations are presented in such a manner that the type of protective structure may be selected, analyzed, and designed to provide a safe level of protection for personnel, equipment, and for separation of potentially mass detonating materials. 

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