Equipment development unit

The procedure given in Fig. 30-15 leaves much to analysts. Criteria for selecting the number ana location of measurements for a particular piece of equipment or unit have not been established in the literature. Therefore, there is heavy reliance on examining alternative models at the bottom of the procedure. The creativity of analysts to develop alternative explanations for performance or hypotheses explaining why the present model might be wrong is a particularly important skill. 

A database of the hazards associated with different types of equipment and unit operations including the applicability of inherently safer technology in each. As innovative solutions to hazards in equipment and process operations are discovered these could be included in this database for use by others in reducing risk in similar equipment and processes. A summary of design approaches for a number of common types of chemical process equipment will be published in CCPS (1997). This summary may be a starting point for the development of this database. 

Provide guidance and assistance to the Navy and Air Force relative to Army requirements for EOD technical publications and tools and equipment developed and maintained by those services, and to be used by Army EOD units. Operate the US Army Technical Detachment... 

Equipment. In designing the apparatus to be used for the hydro-treating and hydrocracking of SRC, heavy reliance was placed on the petroleum-processing experience in the Houdry Division of Air Products. A continuous process development unit was designed and constructed to catalytically hydroprocess nominally 1 L/hr of SRC liquid. A simplified flowsheet of the unit appears in Figure 1. 

Characteristic data on ash behaviour can be obtained by laboratory tests and used for planning, e.g., run conditions for tests with pilot or PDU (process development unit) equipment. 

The process development unit (PDU) was fed with 2 species of wood chips a softwood (mainly spruce, Picea abies Karst.) and a hardwood (beech, Fagus sylvatica L.). The hardwood was supplied by IVD as reference fuel, that has been tested in other combustion equipment for reference. 

Process and equipment development will continue at Harwell with a concentrated effort on a modification of the FINGAL Process called HARVEST which features an annular calcining and vitrification unit. 

Macchietto (1994) equipment developed to account for the process/plants interaction in a single representation. The process recipes and the plant structure (units and connections) are combined into profit ... 

Melting of HNS alloys requires special process techniques as the nitrogen content is above the solubility limit at atmospheric pressure. The equipment development has started in the 1960"s with pressurized induction furnaces (lab scale) and has finally led to the first PESR unit in 1980. Today, PESR is state of the art due to its high process capability, good productivity, large ingot sizes and a save H S enviroiunent [Holzgruber, 1988]. 

At the end of the nineteenth century two modem industries, those connected with dyestuffs and the electrical equipment, developed strategies and structures for the ongoing creation of novel products and technologies. One of the most successful strategies connected with this was the establishment of organizational units within the companies, in particular the industrial research laboratories, ... 

While demonstrating the 10-kW class module capability in meeting the DC target specifications, a combined heat and power (CHP) system is developed for utilizing the module within a complete system configuration [19, 20]. The photograph shown in Fig. 9.14 is for the actual 10-kW class CHP system installed at Rokko Testing facilities of The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. The system consists of a 10-kW class SOFC module, a unit for gas and water supply equipment, a unit for power electronics, a control unit, and an exhaust heat recovery unit. 

The previous generation of the P-sean ultrasonic inspeetion equipment (based on the PSP-3 P-scan proeessor unit) has been used over a period of 10 years. When a new generation of equipment has to be developed, it is natural to use the experience with the PSP-3 to improve the eoncept in the areas where it has been difficult or impossible to use the PSP-3. 

Extraction, a unit operation, is a complex and rapidly developing subject area (1,2). The chemistry of extraction and extractants has been comprehensively described (3,4). The main advantage of solvent extraction as an industrial process Hes in its versatiHty because of the enormous potential choice of solvents and extractants. The industrial appHcation of solvent extraction, including equipment design and operation, is a subject in itself (5). The fundamentals and technology of metal extraction processes have been described (6,7), as has the role of solvent extraction in relation to the overall development and feasibiHty of processes (8). The control of extraction columns has also been discussed (9). 

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