Equipment cleaning sampling procedures

Blowing down Verify flow path before starting the flow. lines for cleaning., Blow (purge) lines to safe location which protects the operator and environment Wear proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Follow proper sampling procedures Use safe blow-down design CCPS G-22 CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29... 

The purpose of the HPLC analysis of cleaning samples is to prove with data that the equipment and cleaning procedures work, and that the surfaces of the equipment are indeed clean. The HPLC chromatographic finish is extremely reproducible and is the easiest part of the analytical... 

GC/ECD and GC equipped with a microcoulometric detector have been used to determine heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in a variety of human tissues, including the liver, brain, adrenals, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, and pancreas (Curley et al. 1969 Klemmer et al. 1977 Radomski et al. 1968). Details of a sample preparation method were not reported for GC equipped with a microcoulometric detector (Curley et al. 1969). Sample preparation steps for GC/ECD include homogenization, extraction with petroleum ether or hexane, usually followed by a clean-up procedure (Klemmer et al. 1977 Radomski et al. 1968). Recovery, sensitivity, and precision data were not reported (Curley et al. 1969 Klemmer et al. 1977 Radomski et al. 1968). 

One equipment blank collected after the sampling equipment has been cleaned the first time may often provide a satisfactory resolution of this issue. Once a decontamination procedure has been established and verified by an equipment blank analysis, the application of the same procedure should render the same level of cleanliness of the sampling equipment. If site conditions suddenly change with respect to the type of the sampled medium or the contaminant nature and suspected concentrations, another equipment blank sample may be collected to verify that the change in conditions did not reduce the effectiveness of the established decontamination procedure. 

Sources of Information for Material Balance. There are many sources of information in establishing material balances for the various unit operations within the plant. Data may be obtained from sample analysis and measurements of raw input materials, raw material purchase records, material and emission inventories, equipment cleaning and validation procedures, batch composition records, product specifications, operating logs, standard operating procedures, and manuals. 

Additional information is added to define the specific piece of equipment and sample location. This procedure will also contain information about decontamination procedures, demolition, disposition of residues, and disposition of cleaned equipment for reuse or scrapping. 

PCDDs/PCDFs, PAHs and PCBs require almost identical equipment for sampling. A typical collection device includes the sampling unit (metal filter holder equipped with a particle filter backed up by solid sorbent trap) and a pumping system. A schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1.4-1, Different types of pumps and adsorption media are briefly described in the following (see Table 1.4-6). Procedures for clean-up and analytical details are then discussed in dependence of the relevant compound group. 

Apart from these samples, some other quality control samples such as duplicate samples and equipment field blanks are used by different laboratories. Duplicate samples are taken from the same collection site to determine the variability of results for the same sample after the AMS analysis. Generally, one duplicate sample should be collected for every 20 samples. Equipment blanks are collected using laboratory-provided water, which has been run over the decontaminated soil sampling equipment. These samples are used to determine the efficiency of cleaning procedures for soil sampling equipment. 

It is rarely the case that an analyst is presented with a sample in a suitable form for injection onto an HPLC column. Most often the sample must be manipulated in some fashion to concentrate the compound of interest, remove interferences, or modify the sample matrix to achieve compatibility with the separation conditions. Inadequate sample preparation will usually compromise HPLC column performance and, in worse cases, lead to equipment failure and reduced column lifetime. For clean samples, such as relatively pure polypeptides, preparation may require only simple procedures such as filtration, concentration, or dilution. When HPLC methods are used early in purification schemes, however, the complexity of the samples requires more sophisticated manipulations. In these cases, sample preparation can he the most time-consuming and labor-intensive element of the purification process hence, sample handling techniques that lend themselves to automation are highly desirable, especially in industrial laboratories. An additional consideration in purification schemes for peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids is prevention of inactivation, degradation, or modification of the biomolecules during the process [1]. Oxidation can be prevented by addition of... 

At Site I, personnel and equipment decontamination procedures were not monitored for their effectiveness in accordance with HAZ-WOPER requirements. The Site I subcontractor did not have provisions for particulate sampling, evaluating exposure to pesticides and herbicides, or evaluating the effectiveness of site zone boundaries and personnel decontamination procedures. Additionally, monitoring had not been conducted to verify that decontamination was not necessary for employees who leave the exclusion zone and enter a clean zone without undergoing decontamination. 

Contamination is controlled at multiple levels in a pharmaceutical plant. It starts with a clean, well-maintained facility. Raw materials are labeled, checked, and segregated at storage. Equipment is cleaned and tested for cleanliness prior to being used. Personnel are to follow procedures as written in SOPs. Samples and products are clearly labeled and stored. Flows of materials, equipment, personnel, tools, and wastes are controlled. 

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