EP systems

The resulting bisepoxy compounds are cross-linked cold with polyamines, if necessary with added accelerators. A hot cure can either be accomphshed with amines or anhydrides (eg, phthaUc acid anhydride). If suitable initiators are present, EP systems can also be cross-linked by radiation. 

In addition to epoxy-phenolic adhesives three-part epoxy-phenolic-nitrile rubber systems are used in metal-metal edge joints and honeycomb constructions [208], These add toughness not available in most EP systems and improve peel strengths. When used on honeycomb, the NR-P is normally applied to the aluminum skin and the EP to the honeycomb for assembly. Service temperature limitations are those imposed by the NR-P part. 

One example is Finland, where in 1999 the EPS system was chosen as the reference method in the area of building services, including industrial air tech nology. 

The EPS system was initially developed to be used within the product development process as a tool to help assess the environmental performance of products. The system is based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology and uses inventory data (kg of substance A), characterization factors (impact/kg of substance X) and weighting factors (cost/impacts) to calculate the external costs or values of a product. By multiplying the characterization factor with the weighting factor, an impact index is obtained (cost/kg of substance X) which describe the cost/values related to the emission per use of a kg of a certain substance. 

The first version of the model was developed in 1991-1992. In the EPS system, the impacts are expressed in terms of socio-economic costs (or values) occurring by unit effects of damage to five safeguards subjects human health, biological diversity, ecosystem production, natural resources and aesthetic values. The latest version was published in 1999 [37, 38]. 

These atomic charges are usually capable of reproducing the calculated dipole moment and the quantum chemical MEP map of the molecule outside the van der Waals surface. The MEP map of the classical EP system is not so rich in information, however, and there are problems, e.g., with the lone pairs. The local anisotropies due to the lone pairs largely disappear. In order to obtain a more accurate description further point charges, situated in appropriate sites, are usually taken into account during optimization [68],... 

EP is an elegant way of controlling alkali concentration at the surface of a working metal catalyst by varying its electric potential. The technique is implemented by depositing porous thin-film metal catalysts on solid electrolyte supports. Noteworthy features of EP systems are as follows ... 

SAS are designed for the use in different systems such as ESP, EPS, BCD, AFS, and others, but the majority of SAS are used for ESP. Today there are three different locations in the vehicle for an SAS system near the steering wheel, in the steering column, or as part of the EPS system for column and rack-mounted type. EPS systems as shown in Fig. 7.11.25. 

Most commonly the SAS is a steering-wheel mounted type, integrated in the TCM. There are different requirements for the SAS depending on the location and the systems for which they are used. EPS systems are more demanding, leading to a higher product cost. One major cost driver for SAS is the operating tern-... 

Mechanical interphases at polymer-EP interfaces are of great academic interest. Additionally, they are of technical importance in the case of metal-EP interfaces. Therefore, the formation of interphases was studied in different native metal-EP systems. 

Due to the complexity of environmental impacts, the Swedish Environmental Institute and Volvo recommend consideration of the following characteristics in their environmental priority strategies (EPS) system scope, extent of distribution, frequency and intensity, duration or permanence, significance of contribution, and remediabtiity (Horkeby 1997 Ryding et al. 1993). Another complexity to consider is the transfer of impacts along the supply chain because materials extraction, assembly, use, reuse, recycling, and disposal may occur in different locations around the world. 

The Product Ecology Project Environmenlally-Sound Product Development Based on the EPS System (Environmental Pricrrity Strategies in Product Design), Federation of Swedish Industries (1993). 

For comparison changes in the systems using no primer or a zinc-rich primer with the same 2-C EP topcoat, the Bode plots are shown in Figure 1.24a and Figure 1.24h. During the first 70 h, the systems seemed to behave similar to the corresponding CORRPASSIV/2-C EP system, but changes occur after 140 h. 

Fig. 23. n-photon summation (n= 1,. .., 5) in EP system by (a) cooperative sequential pair absorption, and (b) APTE effect (Auzel 1984a). 

In the case of an emergency protection (EP) system failure caused by events not specified in the regulatory documents (for example, failure of the executing mechanisms), fusible locks connecting a rod with a driver bar are incorporated when the coolant temperatures exceeds 700°C, the EP rods in the gas-filled sleeves are passively separated from the bars and drop into the core due to gravity. 

Similar but different from MSB walls is to use expanded polystyrene blocks as a lightweight fill system. Figure 10.13d shows a typical section of an EPS system. Although MSB wall systems use multiple layers of lateral reinforcement to restrict horizontal movement in the soil body, an EPS fill system uses interlocking connectors to hold lightweight blocks together to create a masonry-type structure. The EPS... 

Safety systems are represented by emergency protection system of the reactor (EP), system of leak localization in the SGs, autonomous cooling system (ACS), and passive heat removal system (PHRS). Of them only EP is a dedicated safety system, while other systems, namely the system of leak localization in the SGs, ACS, and PHRS combine the functions of normal operating systems and accident prevention systems. 

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