Environmental Protection Agency validation

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authorizes control over hazardous and potentially hazardous substances and validates appropriate methods of analysis, many of which require GC/MS. 

EPA. 1987d. Project summary Single laboratory validation of EPA method 8140. Las Vegas, NV U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 600/S4-87-009. 

Finally, to avoid the parallel use of similar but not identical method validation studies to fulfil the registration requirements, e.g., of the EU, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or Japanese authorities, an adaptation of different data requirements for residue analytical methods for post-registration control and monitoring purposes would help to save resources. 

SFE instrument development has greatly been stimulated by the desire of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to replace many of their traditional liquid-solvent extraction methods by SFE with carbon dioxide. In the regulatory environment, EPA and FDA approved SFE and SFC applications are now becoming available. Yet, further development requires interlaboratory validation of methods. Several reviews describe analytical SFE applied to polymer additives [89,92,324]. 

EPA. 1989g. Review of the national ambient air quality standard for lead Exposure analysis, methodology and validation. OAQPS staff report. Research Triangle Park, NC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. EPA-450/2-89-011. 

EPA. 1994c. Validation strategy for the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 540/R-94-039. PB94-963504. 

Once the inhalation exposure questions have been identified, the specifications for each personal monitor must be determined and the monitor must be validated for the contaminant being measured. Table I, updated from Samet et al. (14), identifies currently available personal monitors, and Table II, taken from an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report (15), shows the projected needs in the 1990s. There are a number of opportunities for research on personal monitors Table II indicates that relatively few commercial units are currently available for either particulate or gas-phase species. For compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a two-stage sampler is required because some PAHs exist simultaneously in the gaseous and particulate phase (16). Consequently, research must be ranked with respect to the significance of the air pollution problem, and the technological developments required to provide reliable samplers must be defined. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance for Methods Development and Methods Validation for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Program. Washington, DC (1995). 

Winterle, J.S. and T. Mill. 1982. In Validation of estimation techniques for predicting environmental transformation of chemicals. Final report (Contract 68-01-6269) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 

Much attention has been garnered by principles of communication that professionals are advised to follow. Well-known examples are seven principles articulated for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) accept and involve the public as a legitimate partner (see our Chapter 4) plan carefully and evaluate efforts (Chapter 4) listen to the public s specific concerns (Chapter 4) be honest, frank, and open coordinate and collaborate with other credible sources meet the needs of the media and speak clearly and with compassion (Covello and Allen 1988). Those and related principles have face validity and often practical utility despite their apparent obviousness and abstractness. For example, treating your constituents as though they are ignorant, hysterical, self-interested, or ideologically... 

In several instances, biomonitoring data have confirmed health effects of environmental exposures and have validated public-health policies. For example, population data on blood lead concentrations that were associated with adverse health effects provided the impetus for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations reducing lead in gasoline. Methylmercury concentrations in blood and hair that were correlated with neurodevelopmental effects provided the rationale for EPA s revision of the oral reference dose. In those examples, the biomonitored concentrations of chemicals could be shown to be related to adverse health effects because of the body of epidemiologic, toxicologic, and clinical... 

It is noteworthy that the styrene reference concentration (RfC) in the Integrated Risk Information System is based on the biomarker-response relationship found in workers (Mutti et al. 1984 EPA 1998). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used the relationship of urinary biomarker to ambient-air concentration of workers to develop an RfC that was adjusted for the difference in exposure time between the workplace and the general population. That is a valid approach because it derives a workplace concentration-toxicity relationship in workers, which can then be adjusted for the general population to account for differences in exposure time and can take uncertainty factors into account. It is different from direct adjustment of the styrene BEI to evaluate human population biomonitoring data on styrene metabolites in urine, which would have the uncertainties described above and in Chapter 5. 

USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Sediment quality criteria methodology validation calculation of screening level concentrations from field data. Washington US Environmental Protection Agency Report No EPA822R86101. 

Winneke, G., G.Fodor, and H.Schlipkoter. 1978. Carbon monoxide, trichloroethylene, and alcohol reliability and validity of neurobehavioral effects. Pp. 461-469 in Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Even-Related brain Potential Research, Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Event-Related Slow Potentials of the Brain (EPICIV), Univ. of NC and U.S. EPA, Hendersonville, NC, April 4—10, 1976, D.P.Otto, ed. EPA-600/9-77-043. Research Triangle Park, NC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Dreisbach, R.R., Shrader, A.A.I. (1949) Vapor pressure-temperature data on some organic compounds. Ind. Eng. Chem. 41,2879-2880. Eadsforth, C.V. (1986) Application of reverse-phase HPLC for the determination of partition coefficients. Pest. Sci. 17(3), 311-325. Edney, E.O., Corse, E.W. (1986) Validation of OH Radical Reaction Rate Constant Test Protocol. NTIS PB86-166 758/as. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) has only a 90-day review period to issue a decision on Premanufacture Notices filed under the TSCA for any new compound to be manufactured or imported. The availability of inexpensive approaches for reliable assessment of hazard to environment and human health could be of immense value to OPPT. Likewise agencies such as the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) aim to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods... which reduce, refine, or replace the use of laboratory animals [5]. 

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