Environmental monitoring ISEs

Any environmental monitoring, i.e. monitoring of the main physical compartments (media) of envircmment (air, water, soil), as well as of other components of envirmmoit, as defined by the WHO due to thdr spedfic environmental feature (worlq>lace, home, food drain) is generally considered two levds ... 

Radiation — Safety measures. 2. Environmental monitoring. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Safety standards series RS-G-1.8. 

Mix MC. 1984. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment Occurrence and biological monitoring. In Hodgson E,ed. Reviews in environmental toxicology I. New York, NY Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 51-102. 

McCarthy, A.R., Thomson, B.M., Shaw, I.C., and AbeU, A.D. (2006). Estrogenicity of pyre-throid insecticide metabolites. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8, 197-202. 

The Type I error is the error most often cited in the literature. In environmental monitoring, however, the Type II error may be more important. A false negative could create major problems for the environmental manager if it suggests that a cleanup is not necessary when in fact action levels are being exceeded. 

B.G.J. Massart, O.M. Kvalheim, F.O. Libnau, K.I. Ugland, K. Tjessem and K. Bryne, Projective ordination by SIMCA a dynamic strategy for cost-efficient environmental monitoring around offshore installations. Aquatic Sci., 58 (1996) 121-138. 

Gallimore, C. I., Taylor, C., Gennery, A. R., Cant, A. J, Galloway, A., Iturriza-Gomara, M., and Gray, J. J. (2006). Environmental monitoring for gastroenteric viruses in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency unit. /. Clin. Microbiol. 44,395-399. 

A.J. Killard, L. Micheli, K. Grennan, M. Franek, V. Kolar, D. Moscone, I. Palchetti, and M.R. Smyth, Amperometric separation-free immunosensor for real-time environmental monitoring. Anal. Chim. Acta 427, 173-180(2001). 

O.A. Sadik and J.M. van Emon, Applications of electrochemical immunosensors to environmental monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron. 11, i-xi (1996). 

Pellizzari ED, Zweidinger RA, Erickson MD. 1978. Environmental monitoring near industrial sites Brominated chemicals. Part I. Research Triangle Park, NC US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. EPA 560/6-78-002 Order No. PB-286 484, 325. 

EPA. 1990g. Method 551. Methods for the determination of organic compounds in drinking water, Supp. I. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/4-90/020. 

A. Amine, H. Mohammadi, I. Bourais and G. Palleschi, Enzyme inhibition based biosensors for food safety and environmental monitoring (review), Biosens. Bioelectron., 21 (2005) 1405-1423. 

G. Marrazza, I. Chianella and M. Mascini, Disposable DNA electrochemical biosensors for environmental monitoring, Anal. Chim. Acta, 387 (1999) 297-307. 

Al Rmalli, S.W., Harrington, C.F., Ayub, M. and Haris, P.I. (2005) A biomaterial based approach for arsenic removal from water. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 7(4), 279-82. 

Norton, S., J. Kahl, I. Fernandez, T. Haines, L. Rustad, S. Nodvin, J. Scofield, T. Strickland, H. Erickson, P. Wiggington, and J. Lee. 1999. The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 55 7—51. 

Lee, N.A. and I.R. Kennedy. 2001. Environmental monitoring of pesticides by immunoanalytical techniques Validation, current status, and future perspectives. J. AOAC Int. 84 1393-1406. 

Burden F.R., I. McKelvie, U. Forstner, and A. Guenther. 2002. Environmental Monitoring Handbook. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Environmental monitoring of nuclear contamination, including the determination of the concentration and isotope ratios of long-lived radionuchdes, such as uranium, plutonium isotopes, thorium, Np, Se, Sr, I and others, at trace and ultratrace levels, is a fast growing and fascinating application field for inorganic mass spectrometry." " Among the environmentally important radionuclides, I, Sr, uranium and transuranium elements are of special importance. For example, the natural I inventory in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere has been estimated to be about 263 kg. ... 

SPR has applications in drag development, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food and water safety [2]. Typically, the ATR SPR sensitivity is 10 refractive index units (RIU) (i.e., the 7th significant figure after the decimal in refractive index), and the limit of detection is 10 pg/mL. 

Annual Report on Radioactive Discharges and Monitoring of the Environment, Volume I Report on discharges and environmental monitoring British Nuclear Fuels pic. Health and Safety Directorate, Risley, Warrington, Cheshire, UK (1992). 

Environmental monitoring should also include many other compounds that, although not produced or discharged by human activities (i.e., xenobiotics), are nonetheless relevant for the assessment of EQS. For instance, the concentration of nutrients or naturally occurring substances cannot exceed the levels appropriate for the normal functioning of ecosystems. 

---