Environment-friendly manufacturing

Environment friendly A highly efficient, hot-gas filtration system separates the small quantities of catalyst fines. Besides the EDC removal via steam stripping, no additional wastewater treatment is required. The charter for European Council for Vinyl Manufacturers (ECVM) is easily met (EDC <5g/t of EDC purification capacity, copper < 1 g/t of oxychlorination capacity, dioxin-like components <1pg TEQ/t of oxychlorination capacity). 

The advantages of this process arise finm the fact that the system does not t3q)ically require chemicals and, therefore, the decomposition of organics is an environment-friendly degradation process. However, this process has limitations and cannot handle slurries, tars, or a high concentration of suspended solids. In fact, this process has been used extensively to treat waste streams from iron and steel, pulp and paper, petroleum refining, organic chemical manufacture, and pharmaceutical industries. 

Tsujimoto T, Onishi H, Sato T, Yamakawa K, Matsuoka M. Environment-friendly method for manufacture of cellulosic polymer film. Japan, JP 2002127166, 2002. 

The application of natural zeolites in the field of cement manufacture is destined to grow in the next years. In fact, the next revolution in materials of construction is to go back to the past. The current concrete construction practice is reportedly unsustainable, because the present production of about 1.7 x 109 tpy portland cement has a not negligible environmental impact from standpoint of energy consumption and global warming. So, the expected trend in the concrete industry in the next years is to recur to ancient practices, such as that to re-usc the Roman concretes. This would increase the resort to raw, recycled and waste materials, enabling cost reduction and manufacture of environment-friendly products [117,118]. 

Acetylene and ammonia, the gases, which are used in excess in this process, are almost completely recycled, the lithium salts are returned to the lithium metal manufacturer and there converted into the marketable lithium hydroxide. In the 1980s, the whole process was optimised to reduce the waste streams, and it was regarded as a classic example of an environment-friendly and economic production process. 

Future research endeavors wiU continue in seven-membered heterocycles toward new methods for synthesis of bioactive natural products, apphcation of the mono and diheteroatom systems in medicinal chemistry, and developing new more environment-friendly and economically viable processes for manufacturing drugs. The emerging interest in new metal (e.g., gold, palladium, rhodium, copper, and nickel)-catalyzed processes is expected to continue. 

The strong joints obtained are not capable of satisfying specifications for exterior joints as they show very poor resistance to water. These joints can then only be considered for interior applications such as for furniture and for interior grade wood joints. Fmthermore, the technique at this stage is only usable for solid wood joints and perhaps joints between pre-manufactured panels presenting the same type of characteristics as solid wood, such as oriented strand board (OSB). The technique however is of considerable interest for its low cost and in the implementation of totally environment friendly wood joints in joinery and furniture manufacturing. 

Although many elements and compounds have been investigated, few of them will experience further developments and industrialization in the future, since as with all mass-manufactured products, processing and material costs will prevail in the end. Abundant and non-toxic materials (e.g.. Si) will be favored, together with simple, low temperature and repeatable manufacturing processes, with particular attention paid to their sustainable and environment-friendly aspects. 

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