Enhanced Enhancement, compound

Leaded fuels are now banned across Canada. In unleaded gasoline, simple organic compounds are added instead of lead compounds. These octane-enhancing compounds include methyl-t-butyl ether, t-butyl alcohol, methanol, and ethanol. Like lead catalysts. 

Hit follow-up consideration was accounted for via two filters to remove undesirable functional groups and to include molecules with a desirable functional group that would act as chemistry handles to enhance compound elaboration. These filters were derived from extended discussion with medicinal chemists. A total of 12 undesirable functional group sets were created and collectively used as a negative filter ... 

The binding of the insulin-enhancing compound bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (IV) (BMOV) to transferrin and albumin has been studied using EPR and compared to the binding of V0S04 with these proteins [28,29], Both proteins could be impor-... 

Bowers LD (1997) Analytical advances in detection of performance-enhancing compounds. Clin Chem 43 1299-1304... 

Other catechol-containing natural compounds have been implicated as Fenton-enhancing compounds in white rot fungi, brown rot fungi, and mold-mediated degradation of lignin and wood [64,65]. In addition to their potential effect on in situ remediation, these compounds may be of potential benefit for the pulp-and-paper industry. 

Rajadhyaksha, V.J. Oxalodinone Penetration Enhancing Compounds. US Patent 4,960,771, 1990. 

Coates and Johnson255 measured the kinetic acidity of 5-methyl-5,6-dihydrodibenz[h,/]azocine (185), and found that, when compared to carbocyclic models, 185 evinced very small rate enhancement. Compound 162 exhibited electrochemical behavior similar to that of the 2-benzazocine (i.e., two-electron reduction), but electron addition was more difficult, consistent with the benzannelation effect.260 Interestingly, 162, when chemically reduced, undergoes an atypical transannular reaction to give... 

Figure 7.15 Plot of B, Mo and W containing the enhancing compound listed in Table 7.6. The top line is Mo, the middle line is B and the bottom line is W. No thickener added...

The discovery that tryptamine is also an endogenous enhancer substance (Knoll 1994) opened the way for a structure-activity relationship study aiming to synthesize a new family of enhancer compounds structurally unrelated to PEA and the amphetamines. J -(-)-l-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopen-tane [ (-)-BPAP ] was selected as a tryptamine-derived synthetic mesencephalic... 

P. Modi patented a mixed micellar for administering insulin to the buccal mucosa using a metered dose inhaler.52 The formulation includes a micellar proteinic pharmaceutical agent, lauryl sulphate, salicylate, edetate, and at least one absorption-enhancing compound such as lecithin, hyaluronic acid, glycolic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, or glycerin. 

In addition, several new PDE5 inhibitors are in various phases of clinical development. The closest to marketing are ICOS/Eli Lilly s IC-351 (Cialis) and Bayer s vardenafil. Both drugs are expected to be approved by the FDA in 2002. Other novel compounds include didesmethylsibutramine (by Sepracor), which is a single isomer of an active metabolite of sibutramine—a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor--and nitric oxide NMI-870 (NitroMed), which is a nitric oxide-enhanced compound of yohimbine for specific delivery of NO to target tissue. 

Rajadhyaksha, V. J. 1990. Oxalodinone penetration enhancing compounds, U.S. Patent 4,960,771. 

The reasons for derivatizing carbamates, apart from their thermolability during the gas chromatographic analysis, include increased detector sensitivity (particularly with electron capture detection), increased volatility, better chromatography separation, apphcability to multiresidue and confirmatory analysis, and enhanced compound stability. There are two general approaches to the analysis of Af-methylcarbamates by derivatization, namely derivatization of the intact pesticides and derivatization of a hydrolysis product (one of which will always be the volatile methylamine). The reactions typically used to obtain derivatives of both intact and hydrolysis products of A-methylcarbamates are methylation, silylation, halogenation, acylation, and esterification. 

Aimed at investigating taste enhancers in beef bouillon, taste activity-guided fractionation combined with the comparative taste dilution analysis led to the discovery of the presence of a sweet enhancing compound. Model Maillard reactions, spectroscopic and synthetic experiments revealed the previously unknown 1 - 1 -carboxyethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-... 

The objectives of the present investigation were, therefore, (i) to screen a beef broth for taste enhancing compounds by application of taste dilution analyses, (ii) to identify the key compound contributing to sweet taste, and (iii) to study its sensory impact on the taste quality of beef broth by means of taste reconstitution experiments. 

The comparative taste dilution analysis revealed a high TD factor of 16 for sweetness in fraction III (Figure 1). As this fraction showed no sweetness in the absence of sucrose, this fraction was assumed to contain a reaction product enhancing the sweetness of the sucrose solution by a factor of eight. Because sweetness enhancing compounds were not yet reported in beef bouillon, the following identification experiments were focused on the sapid taste modifier present in GPC fraction III (Figure 1). 

In order to further resolve GPC fraction III into distinct sensory active compounds and to rate them in their relative taste impacts, this fraction was then separated by RP-HPLC (Figure 2) into 16 subfractions. Application of the comparative taste dilution analysis using sucrose as the basic tastant revealed the highest TD factor for sweetness for fraction III-5, thus indicating the presence of a sweetness enhancing compound in that fraction. 

In attempting to predict the direction that future research in carbon black technology will follow, a review of the literature suggests that carbon black-elastomer interactions will provide the most potential to enhance compound performance. Le Bras demonstrated that carboxyl, phenolic, quinone, and other functional groups on the carbon black surface react with the polymer and provided evidence that chemical crosslinks exist between these materials in vul-canizates (LeBras and Papirer, 1979). Ayala et al. (1990, 1990) determined a rubber-filler interaction parameter directly from vulcanizatemeasurements. The authors identified the ratio a jn, where a = slope of the stress-strain curve that relates to the black-polymer interaction, and n = the ratio of dynamic modulus E at 1 and 25% strain amplitude and is a measure of filler-filler interaction. This interaction parameter emphasizes the contribution of carbon black-polymer interactions and reduces the influence of physical phenomena associated with networking. Use of this defined parameter enabled a number of conclusions to be made ... 

The limitations and the diflhculty in crossing the barrier of the SC by various molecules can be addressed and partially overcome via the skin application of penetration enhancers, compounds that increase the diffusion coefficient of the drug through the SC. 

With respect to contraanions, iodide anions are quenchers of fluorescence, although depending on the type of dye (green or blue to red) different mechanisms are involved and also their influence on fluorescence properties varies. However, they can also qualify as anti-fading and fluorescence enhancement compounds due to their antioxidative properties. 

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