Engines single-cylinder

The cetane engine is a variable compression single cylinder engine very much like the octane engine. The engine is mn at 900 rpm and injection is timed to start at 13° before top dead center (BTDC). The compression ratio is adjusted so that the test fuel starts to ignite at exacdy top dead center (TDC), for an ignition delay of 13° or 2.4 ms. Reference fuels are chosen which bracket the sample and the cetane number of the sample is estimated by interpolation between the two reference fuels. 

Octane number is a measure of a fuel s abiUty to avoid knocking. The octane number of a gasoline is deterrnined in a special single-cylinder engine where various combustion conditions can be controlled. The test engine is adjusted to give trace knock from the fuel to be rated. Various mixtures of isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane) and normal heptane are then used to find the ratio of the two reference fuels that produce the same intensity of knock as that by the unknown fuel. 

The diesel engine is one of the most widely used global powcrplants and can be found in almost every conceivable application. From small single-cylinder models to V20 designs, their horsepower can range from as low as 3.73 kW (5 hp) to as high as 46,625 kW... 

Otto s single-cylinder engine of 1876 had a nominal cylinder bore of half afoot and a piston stroke of a foot. Operating at 180 rpm, it developed about 3 horsepow-... 

Cetane number is measured in a single-cylinder laboratory engine, but cetane index (Cl) is more commonly used. Cetane index is a calculated value and correlates adequately with the cetane number. Most refiners use the ASTM equation (Method D-976-80) to calculate the cetane index. The equation uses the 50% boiling point and API gravity (Example 6-1). 

Cetane Number is a numerical indication of a fuel s (kerosene, dic.sel, heating oil) ignition quality. Cetane number is measured in a single-cylinder engine, whereas cetane index is a calculated value. 

The single-cylinder engine with optical access (a) cross section showing quartz windows and the extended piston construction view of the engine during testing. (Courtesy of Dec, J.)... 

Does anyone know where to get an electronic easily-adjustable ignition system for a single cylinder lawn-mower type engine It would be great if you could advance or retard timing just by turning a knob. 

The easiest way of course is to use a small single cylinder engine and use a single-shot plasma discharge system. For example with manually controlled ignition coil or other HV source and pulse capacitor discharge from the flash unit of a disposable camera. 

Slr-Tero plasma spark plug system for a single-cylinder engine using the original ignition coil... 

Cryogenic materials Established data on properties of weld and base metals in LHj. Hydrogen diesel engine Tested a 100 kW single cylinder engine. 

One might expect that vehicle emissions would be related to the composition of the fuel used, and a number of studies have confirmed this (e.g., see Schuet-zle et al., 1994 Siegl et al., 1992 and Kaiser et al., 1991, 1992, 1993). For example, emissions coming from a single-cylinder engine have shown that the mass emissions increase as the molecular weight of a single-component fuel increases and that benzene emissions decrease as the aromatic content of the fuel decreases (Schuetzle et al., 1994). 

Representative single-cylinder engine test data (1,2)... 

Octane Number—The octane rating of a motor fuel is defined in terms of its knocking characteristics relative to those of blends of isooctane (2.3,4-trimethylpentane) and n-heptane. and a rating of 100 to isooctane, The octane number of an unknown fuel is numerically equal to the volume percent ot isooctane in a blend with -heptane which has the same knocking tendency as the unknown fuel when both the unknown and the reference blend are run in a standard single-cylinder engine operated at specified conditions. Motor Method octane numbe-is are measured at moie- severe engine conditions and are numerically lower than those determined by the milder Research Method. The difference between the two numbers is termed sensitivity. 

Uses a single-cylinder Caterpillar test engine (148.8 CID). Single cylinder engine test designed to measure piston deposit control of engine oil. 

Uses a single-cylinder test engine (42.3 CID). This engine test is similar to L-38 except that fuel used is unleaded test measures bearing corrosion, sludge, oil oxidation, varnish, and viscosity change. 

L-01-A-79 Engine Oils Crankcase Oils Using the Petter AVI Single Cylinder Diesel Engine... 

L-02-A-78 Oil Oxidation and Bearing Corrosion Test Using Petter W1 Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine... 

The antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytolu-ene (BHT), tm-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl gallate, ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid were evaluated for potential to reduce NOx emissions from a single cylinder, direct-injection, air-cooled, naturally aspirated Yanmar engine (Hess et al, 2005). BHA and BHT reduced NOx emissions by 4.4 and 2.9%, respectively, but the other antioxidants evaluated did not exhibit any beneficial effects (see Table 1.2). Antioxidants may impede NOx formation by inhibiting the formation of combustion-derived radicals. 

Figure 13.3 Effect of Molybdenum Disulphide Addition on Wear Rate in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine (Ref.471)...

Figure 6. Schematic of single cylinder engine test apparatus...

Phase I—Chassis Dynamometer Tests. A 1.3-L engine equipped with a four-speed automatic transmission and complete drive system was calibrated to meet 1974 emissions standards using Indolene reference fuel. This standardized apparatus was then used in conjunction with the federal emissions test procedure to evaluate the performance of methanol/gasoline blends. Results of the single cylinder test program and preliminary evaluations with the chassis dynamometer system indicated that blends should be limited to 10% methanol or less to avoid drive-ability and other problems. A complete discussion of the apparatus and test procedures is given in Ref. 9. 

Johnson, R. T., Riley, R. K., Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Study... 

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