Endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation

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Xu, J.W., Ikeda, K., and Yamori, Y., Cyanidin-3-glucoside regulates phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, FEES Lett., 574, 176, 2004. 

Cai H, Li Z, Davis ME, Kanner W, Harrison DG, Dudley SC. Jr 2003. Akt dependent phosphorylation of serine 1179 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 cooperatively mediate activation of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase by hydrogen peroxide. Mol Pharmacol 63 325-331. 

Fleming I, Fisslthaler B, Dimmeler S, Kemp BE, Busse R. 2001. Phosphorylation of Thr(495) regulates Ca2 + /calmodulin-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Circ Res 88 E68-E75. 

Joy S, Siow RC, Rowlands DJ, Becker M, Wyatt AW, Aaronson PI, Coen CW, Kallo I, Jacob R, Mann GE. 2006. The isoflavone Equol mediates rapid vascular relaxation Ca2 + -independent activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase/Hsp90 involving ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 281 27335-27345. 

Dimmeler, S., Dernbach, E., and Zeiher, A. M. 2000. Phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase at ser-1177 is required for VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration. FEBS Lett. 477 258-262. 

Musicki B, Kramer ME, Becker RE, Burnett AL. Inactivation of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser-1177) by 43. 0-GlcNAc in diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction. Proc. Natl. 

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C. Venema, Reciprocal phosphorylation and regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in response to bradykinin stimulation. J Biol Chem 276, 16587-16591 (2001). 

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Important cardioprotective targets are now recognized to be regulated by the insulin induced intracellular signaling. In fact, insulin induces phosphorylation and inactivation of the proapoptotic protein Bad and activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase... 

Dinerman, J. L., Steiner, J. P., Dawson, T. M., and Snyder, S. H. (1994a). Protein phosphorylation inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Neuropharmacology 33, 1245-1252. Dinerman, J. L., Dawson, T. M., Schell, M. J., Snowman, A., and Snyder, S. H. (1994b). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase localized to hippocampal pyramidal cells Implications for synaptic plasticity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 4214-4218. 

HELLER, R., HECKER, M., STAHMANN, N., THIELE, J. J., WERNER-FELMAYER, G. WERNER, E. R. 2004a. Alpha-tocopherol amphfies phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1177 and its short-chain derivative trolox stabilizes tetra-hydrobiopterin. Free Radio Biol Med, 37, 620-31. 

Gonzalez, E., Kou, R., Lin, A.J., Golan, D.E., and Michel, T. (2002). Subcellular targeting and agonist-induced site-specific phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 277(42), 3955 39560. 

The synthesis of NO requires merely one step the conversion of L-arginine into NO and citrulline. This conversion is catalyzed by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme. Three distinct isoforms of the NOS enzyme have been cloned Isoform I (nNOS chromosome 12) is a Ca -dependent neuronal form of the enzyme Isoform n (mNOS or iNOS chromosome 17) is a Ca +-independent macrophage inducible form of the enzyme found in microglia Isoform III (eNOS, chromosome 7) is a Ca +-dependent form found in the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. Since NO is an extremely important messenger substance, the NOS enzyme is exquisitely regulated by processes such as phosphorylation and hormonal control. 

Dimmeler, S., Fleming, I., Fisslthaler, B., Hermann, C., Busse, R., andZeiher, A. M. 1999. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 399 601-605. 

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