Endogenous inducers

Hypertension is a heterogeneous medical condition. In most patients it results from unknown pathophysiologic etiology (essential or primary hypertension). While this form of hypertension cannot be cured, it can be controlled. A small percentage of patients have a specific cause of their hypertension (secondary hypertension). There are many potential secondary causes that are either concurrent medical conditions or are endogenously induced. If the cause of secondary hypertension can be identified, hypertension in these patients potentially can be cured. 

ViraUy induced (exogenous) cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis C virus-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix or oral cavity (HPV-induced) are preventable with vaccines-induced immunity. The exogenously enforced virally induced cancers are reacted to with the induction of strong host immune defense, whereas the endogenously induced cancers often receive support from the subverted host, a reaction that a cancer vaccine is expected to break and reverse [1994-2000]. Some cancer vaccines caused tumor enhancement. Many cancer vaccines failed [2001a]. It is not clear at all what purpose the new review Cancer Vaccines served [2001b]. 

A close relationship between eporulation and secondary biosynthesis by Streptomyces kanamyceticus (14) and in Streptomyces bikiniensis was described (l5). Non-sporu-lating variants were obtained with acriflavine treatment which lost the ability to produce the antibiotics. If it is assumed that the structural genes of the biosynthetic pathway are localized in chromosome, the deletion of ex-trachromosomal DNA may cause a loss of the ability to produce an endogenous inducer. Induction of the enzymes governing the formation of secondary metabolites would thus be closely associated with the expression of other traits, particularly sporulation. This fact was observed by Drew et al. (16) induction of cephalosporin C formation in Cephalosporium acremonium by methionine was ac-companied by arthrospore formation. 

As a consequence of penicillin interaction with the membrane of the cell, the pool level of an internal effector undergoes a slow change. The effector can be either an endogenous inducer, whose concentration rises as induction proceeds, or a co-repressor, whose falling concentration derepresses the penicillinase genes. Precursors to various cell-wall polymers are known to accumulate in S. aureus after exposure to penicillin [Park, 95-97 Ito and Saito, 98]. However, none of these compounds is a likely endogenous inducer within the cell, for similar compounds accumulate after treatment with other antibiotics which inhibit cell-wall synthesis (vancomycin, bacitracin) without induction of penicillinase. Penicillin-treated bacilli also do not appear to accumulate these compounds to the same extent as the staphylococci, though penicillinase induction follows. 

Xie, K., Huang, S., Dong, Z., Gutman, M., and Fidler, I.J. (1995). Direct correlation between expression of endogenous inducible nitric oxide synthase and regression of M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma hepatic metastases in mice treated with liposomes containing lipopeptide CGP 31362. Cancer Res. 55, 3123-3131. 

Yamakawa H, Kamada H, Satoh M, Ohashi Y (1998) Spermine is a saUcylate-independent endogenous inducer for both tobacco acidic pathogenesis-related proteins and resistance against tobacco mosaic virus infection. Plant Physiol 118 1213-1222... 

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