Encapsulating efficacy

To enhance encapsulation efficiency, a spray-drying method could be proposed. Thus, this technique provides a significant improvement of betamethasone encapsulation efficacy into PLGA microparticles, namely, 90% encapsulation efficacy compared with 15% for Wi/o/ W2 double emulsion process [28]. An emulsification/spray-drying technique has also been proposed as an alternative to the double emulsion method for encapsulation of peptide drug, vancomycin into microspheres for the topical ocular delivery (encapsulation efficacy 84-99%) [29]. 

DOX, as EPI seems to form fewer amounts of ROS and secondary alcohol metabolite, (ii) encapsulation of anthracyclines in uncoated or pegylated liposomes that ensure a good drug delivery to the tumor but not to the heart, (iii) conjugation of anthracyclines with chemical moieties that are selectively recognized by the tumor cells, (iv) coadministration of dexrazoxane, an iron chelator that diminishes the disturbances of iron metabolism and free radical formation in the heart, and (v) administration of anthracyclines by slow infusion rather than 5-10 min bolus (Table 1). Pharmacological interventions with antioxidants have also been considered, but the available clinical studies do not attest to an efficacy of this strategy. 

Therapy of leishmaniasis Superior efficacies of liposome-encapsulated drugs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 2959-2963. 

D. (1978). Effect of lipid vesicle (liposome) encapsulation of methotrexate on its chemotherapeutic efficacy in solid rodent tumors. Cancer Res., 38, 2848-2853. 

Numerous experimental therapeutics have shown potency in vitro however, when they are tested in vivo, they often lack significant efficacy. This is often attributed to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties and systemic toxicity, which limit the maximum tolerated dose. These limitations can be overcome by use of drug carriers. Two general types of carrier systems have been designed drug conjugation to macromolecular carriers, such as polymers and proteins and drug encapsulation in nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymersomes and micelles. 

In other words, sol-gel entrapment technology provides innovative drug delivery solutions using sol gel based encapsulation systems in silica which enables new and stable combinations of APIs [active pharmaceutical ingredients] resulting in improved efficacy and usability . 

Sol-gel microencapsulation in silica particles shares the versatility of the sol-gel molecular encapsulation process, with further unique advantages. Sol-gel controlled release formulations are often more stable, potent and tolerable than currently available formulations. The benefits of microencapsulation can be customized to deliver the maximum set of benefits for each active ingredient. Overall, these new and stable combinations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) result in improved efficacy and usability. 

Mayer LD, Bally MB, Cullis PR, Wilson SL, Emerman JT. Comparison of free and liposome encapsulated doxorubicin tumor drug uptake and antitumor efficacy in the SCI 15 murine mammary tumor. Cancer Lett 1990 53 183. 

Tardi P, Choice E, Masin D, Redelmeier T, Bally M, Madden TD. Liposomal encapsulation of topotecan enhances anticancer efficacy in murine and human xenograft models. Cancer Res 2000 60 3389. 

Usuba A, Motoki R. Safety and efficacy of encapsulated hemoglobin in hemorrhagic shock. In Tsuchida E, ed. Artificial Red Cells Materials, Performances and Clinical Study as Blood Substitutes. Chichester, England John Wiley Sons Ltd., 1995 65. 

Drummond DC, Marx C, Guo Z, et al. Enhanced pharmacodynamic and antitumor properties of a histone deacetylase inhibitor encapsulated in liposomes or ErbB2-targeted immunoliposomes. Clin Cancer Res 2005 11 3392-3401. Mamot C, Drummond Dc, Noble CO, et al. Epledermal growth factor receptor-targeted immunoliposomes significantly enhance the efficacy of multiple anticancer drugsin vivo. Cancer Res 2005 65 1631-1638. 

For water-soluble agents, the encapsulation efficiency and thus the internal volume of vesicles which determines the amount of encapsulated material, is a very important factor with regard to the in vitro efficacy. It depends on the liposome size, lipid composition and lamellarity. When the number of liposomes delivered has to be known, the enumeration of the suspension can be performed by multinuclear NMR and photon correlation spectroscopy (110)-... 

Dy-EOB-DTPA). The second group is represented by liposomes with different extracellular iodinated contrast agents that are encapsulated and by PFOB. Efficacy does not seem to be an issue for these agents. The future will show whether their safety will be sufficient for further development. 

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