Rodents tumors

D. (1978). Effect of lipid vesicle (liposome) encapsulation of methotrexate on its chemotherapeutic efficacy in solid rodent tumors. Cancer Res., 38, 2848-2853. 

P. Zanzonico, J. Campa, D. Polycarpe-Holman, G. Forster, R. Finn, S. Larson, J. Humm, C. Ling, Animal-specific positioning molds for registration of repeat imaging studies Comparative microPET imaging of F18-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose and fluoro-misonidazole in rodent tumors, Nucl. Med. Biol. 33 (2006) 65-70. 

T. Dresselaers, J. Theys, L. Dubois, W. Landuyt, P. Van Hecke, P. Lambin, Evaluation of salmonella-based suicide gene transfer in a rodent tumor model using in vivo 19F MR spectroscopy. Proc. Inti. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. (2006) p. 3175. 

Siemann, D. W. (1987) Satisfactory and unsatisfactory tumor model factors influencing the selection of a tumor model for experimental evaluation, in rodent tumor models in experimental cancer therapy, Kallman, R. F. (ed), Pergamon Press, New York, pp 12-15. 

McKee RH. 2000. The role of inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in rodent tumor induction by phthalates review on selected phthalates and the potential relevance to man. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 32 51-55. 

All rodent tumor models (23 independent studies) have demonstrated that ESAs do not enhance tumor growth... 

ESAs do not mediated any consistent adverse effect on tumor angiogenesis in rodent tumor models... 

Subsequently, Ras was found to be mutated in chemical carcinogen-induced rodent tumors and in many types of human cancer. Ras is a member of a larger group of normal cellular genes, termed proto-oncogenes, that can be altered to... 

TPA responsive element (TRE)] and increases their expression. FOS is overexpressed in the majority of human osteosarcomas, while JUN is overexpressed in some lung cancers. In Burkitt s lymphoma, the transcription factor MYC is translocated and inserted near an immunoglobulin locus, where it falls under the regulation of an immunoglobulin promoter (Figure 24.18). This results in constitutive expression of high levels of MYC. In addition, various members of the MYC family are amplified in a variety of human and rodent tumors. 

Klaunig JE, Babich MA, Baetcke KP, Cook JC, Corton JC, David RM, DeLuca JG, Lai DY, McKee RH, Peters JM, Roberts RA, Fenner-Crisp PA. PPARalpha agonist-induced rodent tumors Modes of action and human relevance. Crit Rev Toxicol 2003 33 655-780. 

The majority of the tumor data available for conducting cancer risk assessments for exposure to enviromnental chemicals come from 2-year cancer bioassays using rats and mice. Thus, a MOA based on key events is inevitably developed for laboratory animals and not humans. There are, of course, a few exceptions for which human tumor data are available (NTP 2005). These human data are generally used together with rodent tumor data as part of dose-response characterization. Thus, the need in all cases is to demonstrate that the animal MOA is plausible in humans. This can be accomplished by use of a human relevance framework (described below in this section and in Table 13.1 and in Eigure 13.1). 

Dellarco, V. L., and Baetcke, K. (2005). A risk assessment perspective application of mode of action and human relevance frameworks to the analysis of rodent tumor data. Toxicol Sci 86, 1-3. 

W. E. (2001). Integumentary system. In International Classification of Rodent Tumors The Mouse, Mohr, U., ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 2-22. 

J., Kaufmann, W., Krinke, G., Kiittler, K., Kulwich, B., Landes, C., Lenz, B., Longeart, L., Paulson, I., Sander, E., and Tuch, K. (2001). Endocrine system. In International Classification of Rodent Tumors The Mouse, Mohr, U., ed.. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 269-322. 

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