Entrapping technology

In other words, sol-gel entrapment technology provides innovative drug delivery solutions using sol gel based encapsulation systems in silica which enables new and stable combinations of APIs [active pharmaceutical ingredients] resulting in improved efficacy and usability . 

What Tye (1988) called entrapping technology involves dropwise gelation in a KC1 bath of an emulsified solute and carrageenan (1% in distilled water). The dried (and presumably washed) gel capsules were reportedly capable of retaining in the carrageenan network any dissolved or emulsified cosolute. 

Entrapment of enzymes and cells has played an important role in developing bioprocesses. Applications of entrapment technology to biosensors and bioanalysis have mainly been focused on udlizadon of cells and, to a smaller extent, on enzymes (24). Combining covalent coupling and entrapment cross-links enzymes and inert protein to form a protein membrane that covers the sensitive part of the electrode dp in bioanalytical applications (25). Entrapping enzyme aggregates is another variadon of this methodology (26). 

Solvent Evaporation. This encapsulation technology involves removing a volatile solvent from either an oil-in-water, oil-in-oil, or water-in-oH-in-water emulsion (19,20). In most cases, the shell material is dissolved in a volatile solvent such as methylene chloride or ethyl acetate. The active agent to be encapsulated is either dissolved, dispersed, or emulsified into this solution. Water-soluble core materials like hormonal polypeptides are dissolved in water that contains a thickening agent before dispersion in the volatile solvent phase that contains the shell material. This dispersed aqueous phase is gelled thermally to entrap the polypeptide in the dispersed aqueous phase before solvent evaporation occurs (21). 

Bioencapsulation is a technology aimed toward the immobilization and incorporation (entrapping) of a biologically active compound on or inside solid particles (microspheres) or liquid vesicles in order to stabilize, stracture, and protect the active compound and allow control of its release. 

Immobilization is the technique of choice in many food industry processes and especially in beverage production. Many immobilization technologies have already been tested and some are applied in the production of beer, wine, vinegar, and other food products using a traditional approach with cultme adhesion (i.e., Acetobacter in vinegar production) or more modem approaches with entrapment of yeast biomass (i.e., sparkling wines, cheeses, and yogurts). 

DeTemino, D.M., Hartmeier, W. and Ansorge-Schumacher, M.B. (2005) Entrapment of the alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir in polyvinyl alcohol for the synthesis of chiral hydrophobic alcohols in organic solvents. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 36 (1), 3-9. 

Brook, M.A., Chen, Y., Guo, K., Zhang, Z., Jin, W., Deisingh, A., Cruz-Aguado, J. and Brennan, J.D. (2004) Proteins entrapped in silica monoliths prepared from glyceroxysilanes. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 31,343-348. 

Along with these recent technologies, sol-gel entrapped catalysts made of organically modified silicates (ORMOSIL) doped with one or... 

J. Blum and D. Avnir, Catalysis and reactivity with sol-gel entrapped organic and organometallic chemicals, in Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, ed. S. Sakka, Springer, New York, 2003, vol. Ill, ch. 24. 

It is enough to visit the clean, small production plant of Sol-Gel Technologies in Israel (Figure 8.3) to recognize that most of the value added to benzoyl peroxide entrapped in microcapsules comes from knowledge—and thus from human ingenuity—which originates the production of the microcapsules. The price at which the white water-based capsule formulation is sold to customers exceeds more than 1000 times the price of the raw materials used to prepare it. Put another way ... 

Figure 8.3 Sol-gel entrapment process adds large amounts of value to the entrapped chemicals. And Sol-Gel Technologies was the first company to capitalize on it.

Figure 2.1 Companies such as Australia s Ceramisphere and Israel s Sol-Gel Technologies are changing the landscape of microencapsulation, commercializing the first sol-gel entrapped products.

For example, Sol-Gel Technologies in Israel (Figure 2.2) manufactures on a large scale microcapsules made of sol-gel entrapped... 

Figure 2.5 A broken, spherical silica particle entrapping an API has 85% free volume. Such particles are used in formulations such as Eusolex UV-Pearls that reduce dermal uptake compared to free UV filters thus they do not irritate the skin while they make new application possibilities for hydrophobic UV filters. (Photo courtesy of Sol-Gel Technologies Ltd.)... 

Figure 2.8 In DelSiTech technology, the API is entrapped into a Si02 matrix followed by dissolution and release on contact with body fluids. (Reproduced from DelsiTech.com, with permission.)...

Entrapment, of ligand in affinity chromatography, 6 397 Entrepreneurial Technology... 

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