Emulsifiers sources

Uses Emulsifier, solubilizer, moisturizer, emollient, film-former In cosmetics and pharmaceuticals food emulsifier source of estradiol carrier for nutrients In skin care... 

Animal Feed. In animal feeds (1—3% lecithin) lecithin is an emulsifier wetting and dispersiag agent energy source antioxidant surfactant source of choline, organically combiaed phosphoms and iaositol and Hpotropic agent. It is used ia a milk replacer formula for calves (approximately 10,000 t of lecithin ate used for this purpose) and for veal production, ia mineral feeds, poultry feeds, fish foods, pet foods, and feeds for fur-beating animals (30). 

Phospholipids. Phospholipids, components of every cell membrane, are active determinants of membrane permeabiUty. They are sources of energy, components of certain enzyme systems, and involved in Hpid transport in plasma. Because of their polar nature, phosphoUpids can act as emulsifying agents (42). The stmcture of most phosphoUpids resembles that of triglycerides except that one fatty acid radical has been replaced by a radical derived from phosphoric acid and a nitrogen base, eg, choline or serine. 

Machine operators working with emulsions can become susceptible to skin infections because of the combination of the de-fatting effect of soluble-oil emulsifiers and the abrasive action of metallic scarf, but bacteria in cutting fluids are seldom the source of such infections. High standards of personal hygiene and the use of barrier creams should prevent such problems. A more difficult situation arises when a soluble-oil emulsion becomes infected with bacteria capable of utilizing the emulsifier and mineral-oil components in the system. Even in clean conditions, untreated soluble-oil emulsions and solutions cannot remain completely sterile for any length of time. 

Therefore, there is substantial evidence that GA can play a positive health-related role in addition to its well-known properties as an emulsifier. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to describe general aspects of the source, composition, and already known uses of GA as well as some new aspects of its antioxidant capacity against some reactive oxygen substances (ROS), and its antimicrobial activity (AMA). 

Trim, A.H. 1987. Acute toxicity of emulsifiable concentrations of three insecticides commonly found in nonpoint source runoff into estuarine waters to the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38 681-686. 

The maximum amounts of vegetable food protein flours that can be substituted in bread without affecting loaf volume and texture are 5-10% (depending upon the source), and 18-20% can be substituted in cookies without affecting spread and surface characteristics (26). The quantity of vegetable protein flour that can be accommodated in bread can be increased substantially by pre-toasting and by the use of approximately 1.5% sodium stearoyl 2-lactylate (28) and other emulsifiers. 

A possible source of groundwater contamination, which has up to now almost been neglected, is associated with the introduction of surfactants into soils as pesticide additives (Table 6.7.3). Non-ionic surfactants composed of alcohols and fatty acids are most widely recommended as adjuvants to facilitate and enhance the absorbing, emulsifying, dispersing, wetting and penetrating properties of pesticides. Other pesticide adjuvants are silicone-based surfactants,... 

These are relatively clean processes because care is taken to avoid loss of product through spillage. The primary source of waste material is from the washing of railroad tank cars or tankers prior to loading finished products. These wash waters are high in emulsified oil. 

The fat refining and bleaching operation is carried out to remove impurities that would cause color and odor in the finished soap. The wastewater from this source has a high soap concentration, treatment chemicals, fatty impurities, emulsified fats, and sulfuric acid solutions of fatty acids. Where steam is used for heating, the condensate may contain low-molecular-weight fatty acids, which are highly odorous, partially soluble materials. 

Here, the source of the energy for these interactions is supposed to come from internal molecular forces such as the free energy of mixing that occurs during the violent mass transfer. One of the main characteristics of a spontaneously emulsifying system is that there is no requirement for the application of external energy. 

To investigate further the chemical characteristics of potential alternative emulsifiers, the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of each emulsifier were measured [61]. The samples were analyzed for total recovered hydrocarbons (TRH) in the C10-C36 region and PAHs [3, 62]. The chemical analysis of the emulsifier WSFs did not detect PAHs. Consequently, in the future, use of low-fluorescence emulsifiers in the reformulated Syndrill 80 20 (Mod) will allow the measurement of biliary fluorescence as a biomarker of exposure in field-caught fish attracted to cutting piles, with any detected fluorescence eliminating the drilling mud Syndrill 80 20 (Mod) as a source of fluorescent metabolites in the biliary secretions. 

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