Elf Research

The experimental conditions used to determine the CFPP do not exactly reflect those observed in vehicles the differences are due to the spaces in the filter mesh which are much larger in the laboratory filter, the back-pressure and the cooling rate. Also, research is continuing on procedures that are more representative of the actual behavior of diesel fuel in a vehicle and which correlate better with the temperature said to be operability , the threshold value for the Incident. In 1993, the CEN looked at two new methods, one called SFPP proposed by Exxon Chemicals (David et al., 1993), the other called AGELFI and recommended by Agip, Elf and Fina (Hamon et al., 1993). 

Elf Atochem NA (1992) Life-cycie toxicity of dibutyitin dichtoride to the sheepshead minnow in a fiow-through system. Sponsored by the Consortium of Tributyitin Manufacturers (Atochem North America, Inc., King of Prussia, PA, and Sherex Chemical Co., Inc., Dublin, OH). Study conducted by Gulf Coast Research Laboratories, Ocean Springs, MS, 27 October (Contract No. ES-7339, Subtask 2D). 

The fluorine titration of chromium oxide was carried out at the Elf-Atochem Research Center, Pieire-Benite.The catalyst mineralization was carried out in a Parr bomb by reaction with sodium peroxyde. Fluorine ions were then titrated by a potentiometric method with a specific fluoride electrode. 

This seemed an unusual number of coincidences and so I pressed my search. Consultation with the almanac of the Naval Observatory brought a real surprise. On the very day that I was researching, December 22, 1973, a total, annular eclipse of the sun would occur and the path of totality would sweep directly across La Chorrera and the Amazon Basin. I was dumbfounded. I felt like a person in a novel this string of clues was actually real I researched the eclipse to determine exactly where it would achieve totality. This would occur, I learned, almost directly over the city of Belem in Brazil, in the delta of the Amazon River. The vertiginous elf chatter of hyperspace rose squealing in my ears. Was it mocking me or egging me on ... 

The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the following industrial companies Amoco, Arco, British Petroleum, Celanese, Chevron, Conoco, Elf-Aquitaine, Exxon, GAP, Mobil, Norsk Hydro, Shell, SOHIO, Sun, Tenneco, Texaco, TOTAL, Union, and Witco. 

Major companies like Shell Oil Canada, Society Nationale Elf Aquitaine, France, and Gulf Oil of Canada and the Sulfur Development Institute of Canada, initiated major research and development programs. 

S.N.E.A.(Societe Nationale Elf-Aquitaine). S.N.E.A. was the first of the three groups to publish any details of its research in 1973. The S.N.E.A. patents and applications claim a procedure to manufacture an emulsion of sulfur in asphalt such that the sulfur particle size does not exceed 10 , and averages 0.5-5.0 ym. 

Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222. This work was made possible by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society, the Socilte Nationale Elf Aquitaine and the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 

This work has been accomplished in the framework of GDR "Dynamique Moleculaire Quantique Appliquee a la Catalyse" financial support of the French Ministry of Education. Technology and Research is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to Pr. B. Silvi for his help in the ELF analysis. We thank CNRS-IDRIS for computing facilities. 

Recognizing the central importance of competitiveness concerns, in 2004 the Carbon Trust conducted a pioneering study on the competitiveness impacts of the ELF ETS.1 Building upon this work, in 2005 the Carbon Trust sponsored an international collaborative study with the European research network Climate Strategies, led by our Chief Economist, Michael Grubb. The work aimed both to build upon our earlier study, and add to this much deeper analysis of the issues surrounding allowance allocation, costs and incentives. The full results are presented in this special issue of Climate Policy. 

The author acknowledges the British Heart Foundation, the British Technology Group, Elf-Acquitaine and Bioxytech for financial support for the research in the author s laboratory, described here. Grateful thanks are extended to Angela Gregg for her expert secretarial assistance and excellent artistic interpretation in producing this manuscript. 

This work was partly supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (United Kingdom), and Arco, BP, Chevron, ELF, Exxon, JNOC, Marathon, Norsk Hydro, Phillips, Shell, and Statoil. 

A special branch of the atomic cluster research is the study of clusters of the metal transition atoms, especially because of their catalytic properties. However, for the transition metal atoms, the application of the ELF deserves to be carefully analysed. One... 

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 374 Amoco Oil Company, 152 Centre de Recherche ELF-France, 493 Cleveland State University, 233 Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 209 Delft University of Technology, 257 Dow Chemical Company, 291 Ecole Nationale Supdrieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 493 Ecole Nationale Supdrieure de Chimie, 83,176,221 Eniricerche, 360 Exxon Chemical Holland, 544 Exxon Research and Engineering Company, 506,544,603 Faculty Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, 518,587 Imperial College, 11 Johannes Guttenberg-Universitat, 346... 

Elgue, J., Peytavy, J.L. and Lallemand, F. (1995) The Elf Activated MDEA process new developments and industrial results. Paper presented at the International Gas Research Conference, Cannes, 1995. 

Acknowledgment is made to the National Science Foundation and RhOne-Poulenc, Agrochimie for support of this research as well as for a fellowship from Rhone-Poulenc to IMP. We are edso grateful to ATOCHEM of North America, Elf Aquitaine for generous supplies of triphenylphosphine. 

A wide-ranging study by French researchers (IFP and Elf) on oxidation mechanisms in solvent refined, isomerized wax, and poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) base stocks oxidation was published in 1995.33 Included was the finding that in modified TFOUT tests, insolubles formation was related to aromatics content, becoming significant at about 6% CA, but surprisingly not increasing further with CA (Figure 5.19). 

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