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Elving P J and Winefordner J D (eds) 1986 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (New York Wiley)... 

In addition to covering Raman microscopy, this book has a wealth of information on Raman instrumentation in general. Elving P J and Winefordner J D (eds) 1986 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (New York Wiley)... 

Bates, Determination of pH, Theory and Practice, Wiley, New York, 1964, pp. 121-122. t Elving, Markowitz, and Rosenthal, Awfl/. Chem., 28 1179 (1956). 

I. M. Kolthoff, P. J. Elving, and E. J. Meehan, Optical Methods ofMnaljsis, Vol. 8, Treatise on Analytical Chemisty, Part I, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1986. 

In rniiller mixers the rotation of the circular pan or of the plows brings the material progressi elv into the path of the rniillers, where the intensh e action takes place. Figure 18-46 shows one tvpe of mixer, in which the rniillers and plows re ol e around a stationaiw turret in a stationaiw pan. The outside plow rno es material from the crib wall to the path of the following rniiller the inside plow rno es it from the central turret to the path of the other rniiller. The rniillers crush the material, breaking down lumps and aggregates. 

Mernbrane-prodiiction techniques listed below are applicable pri-rnaiilv or onlv to MF membranes. In addition, the Loeb-Soiirirjain process, used extensiv elv for rev erse osmosis and iiltrafiltration membranes, is used for some MF membranes. 

FIG. 29-74 PIV. speed changer. (From Kiml, Mechanical Engineers Hand-liook. I2lli ed, Wiley, eLV York, 1961.)... 

D. Rosenthal and P. Zuman, Acid-base equilibria, buffers and titrations in water. Chap. 18 in I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. Elving (eds.). Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, 2nd edn., Vol. 2, Part 1, 1979, pp. 157-236. Succeeding chapters (pp. 237-440) deal with acid-base equilibria and titrations in non-aqueous solvents. 

To meet the 1993 Energy Standards, the industry undertook, at considerable cost, the optimization of the various refrigeration system components. The most significant improvement was the increase in compressor efficiency, from an EER of about 4 to about 5.5. Other system improvements included more efficient fan motors, more effective heat transfer by the evaporator and the condenser, and less defrost energy. In the early 1980s, both the Whirlpool Corporation and White Consolidate Industries introduced electronic defrost controls. Heretofore, an electric timer initiated the defrost cycle, typically every t A elve hours, whether the evaporator needed it or not. With the electronic control the defrost inteiwal is more a function of frost accumulation than of time, and thus referred to as a variable defrost control or as adaptive defrost. It saves energy by being activated only when needed. 

M Kolthoff and P J Elving. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Part 1, Theory and Practice, Vol. 1, 2nd edn, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1978... 

H Irving and R J P Williams, Liquid-liquid extraction. In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part 1, Vol 3, I Kolthoff and P Elving (Eds), Interscience, New York, 1961... 

It was invented by lunge in 1890 under the name gasvolumeter (Ref 1). Ten years later, in the USA, it was modified and improved by F.I. duPont and described by Pitman as the duPont Nitrometer (Ref 2). At present, both macro and semi-micro nitrometers are in use, the latter being designed by Elving and Me Elroy (Ref 7)... 

Elving, P. J. Enyo, M. Critical Observations on the Measurement of Adsorption at Electrodes Mechanism of the Hydrogen Electrode Reaction as Studied by Means of Deuterium as a Tracer 7... 

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