Elemental binary ionic

Hundreds of compounds contain ionic bonds. Many ionic compounds are binary, which means that they contain only two different elements. Binary ionic compounds contain a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion. Magnesium oxide, MgO, is a binary compound because it contains the two different elements magnesium and oxygen. However, CaS04 is not a binary compound. Can you explain why ... 

Sodium chloride (NaCl) contains only sodium and chlorine, and potassium iodide (KI) contains only potassium and iodine. Each is an example of a binary compound, which is a compound that contains only two elements. Binary ionic compounds can contain more than one ion of each element, as in Cap2, but they are not composed of three or more different elements, as are more complex compounds. 

The formulas of ionic compounds have a different meaning from those of molecular compounds. Each crystal of sodium chloride has a different total number of cations and anions. We cannot simply specify the numbers of ions present as the formula of this ionic compound, because each crystal would have a different formula and the subscripts would be enormous numbers. However, the ratio of the number of cations to the number of anions is the same in all the crystals, and the chemical formula shows this ratio. In sodium chloride, there is one Na+ ion for each Cl ion so its formula is NaCl. Sodium chloride is an example of a binary ionic compound, a compound formed from the ions of two elements. Another binary compound, CaCl2, is formed from Ca2+ and Cl- ions in the ratio 1 2, which is required for electrical neutrality. 

The ionic model, the description of bonding in terms of ions, is particularly appropriate for describing binary compounds formed from a metallic element, especially an s-block metal, and a nonmetallic element. An ionic solid is an assembly of cations and anions stacked together in a regular array. In sodium chloride, sodium ions alternate with chloride ions, and large numbers of oppositely charged ions are lined up in all three dimensions (Fig. 2.1). Ionic solids are examples of crystalline... 

The nature of a binary hydride is related to the characteristics of the element bonded to hydrogen (Fig. 14.8). Strongly electropositive metallic elements form ionic compounds with hydrogen in which the latter is present as a hydride ion, H. These ionic compounds are called saline hydrides (or saltlike hydrides). They are formed by all members of the s block, with the exception of beryllium, and are made by heating the metal in hydrogen ... 

The rule for naming compounds depends on the type of compound. For ionic compounds consisting of two elements (binary compounds), we start by naming the cation element. After the cation element is named, the stem of the anion is used with the ending ide added to the stem. 

Ionic compounds consist of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) hence, ionic compounds often consist of a metal and nonmetal. The electrostatic attraction between a cation and anion results in an ionic bond that results in compound formation. Binary ionic compounds form from two elements. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium fluoride (NaF) are examples of binary ionic compounds. Three elements can form ternary ionic compounds. Ternary compounds result when polyatomic ions such as carbonate (C032 ), hydroxide (OH-), ammonium (NH4+), form compounds. For example, a calcium ion, Ca2+, combines with the carbonate ion to form the ternary ionic compound calcium carbonate, CaC03. Molecular compounds form discrete molecular units and often consist of a combination of two nonmetals. Compounds such as water (H20), carbon dioxide (C02), and nitric oxide (NO) represent simple binary molecular compounds. Ternary molecular compounds contain three elements. Glucose ( 12 ) is a ternary molecular compound. There are several distinct differences between ionic and molecular compounds, as summarized in Table 1.2. 

Binary ionic compounds are named by identifying first the positive ion and then the negative ion. The positive ion takes the same name as the element the negative ion takes the first part of its name from the element and then adds the ending -ide. For example, KBr is named potassium bromide—potassium for the K+ ion, and bromide for the negative Br ion derived from the element bromine. Figure 2.11... 

These are the main rules that are used to name binary ionic compounds. In most cases, the procedure is quite simple. For example, LiCl is named lithium chloride. Lithium is a group 1A element, so its name doesn t change, and the chloride comes from adding an ide ending to... 

A binary compound is an inorganic compound that contains two elements. Binary compounds may contain a metal and a non-metal or two non-metals. Binary compounds are often ionic compounds. To name a binary ionic compound, name the cation first and the anion second. For example, the compound that contains sodium and chlorine is called sodium chloride. 

Binary Ionic Compounds Binary ionic compounds are ionic compounds that have just two different elements present. Examples are NaCl and Mgl2. When naming a binary ionic compound, name the metal first and then name the non-metal with the ending -ide. There are no prefixes used when naming binary ionic compounds. The names of the example above are sodium chloride and magnesium iodide. 

In binary covalent compounds the element names follow the same rules as those for binary ionic compounds. 

You may recall that chemists call table salt sodium chloride. In fact, they have a name for every salt. With thousands of different salts, you might think that it would be hard to remember the names of all of them. But naming salts is very easy, especially for those that are made of a simple cation and a simple anion. These kinds of salts are known as binary ionic compounds. The adjective binary indicates that the compound is made up of just two elements. 

Write the formula for the binary ionic compound that forms from each pair of elements. (Chapter 8)... 

Finally, X-ray diffraction has been used to examine the liquid structure of binary ionic liquids of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium fluoride with HF [173,174], The solid state and liquid structures are closely related as both contain [HF2] anions. In contrast, Shodai et al. reported that the structure of liquid [(CH3)4N]F HF (n = 3-5) has a range of anion structures of the form [(HF)jcFp (x = 1-3). In this case, structures with x = 4 or 5 were not found in the liquid phase although similar compositions have been found in the solid state [175], These studies show that even elements that are rarely studied in the IL context like P (other than in PF ( or phosphonium cations) or F could provide access to interesting and potentially useful ILs. 

The oxidation number, or oxidation state, of an element in a simple binary ionic compound is the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom of that element when it forms the compound. In the case of a single-atom ion, it corresponds to the actual charge... 

The free halogens react with most other elements and many compounds. For example, all the Group lA metals react with all the halogens to form simple binary ionic compounds (Section 7-2). 

The structures of binary ionic compounds (those consisting of two elements) can be explained by considering the larger ions (normally the anions) forming the lattice and the smaller ions (normally the cations) fQl-ing the holes. This leads to a number of structures which are considered typical of a particular group. For example, the sodium chloride structure is found in more than 60 binary compounds which share the same packing arrangement. 

When naming a binary ionic compound, this is the last step. However, because nonmetal atoms can share different numbers of electron pairs, several different compounds can be formed from the same two nonmetal elements. Thus,... 

Binary ionic compounds are named by first naming the metal element and then the non-metal element, with its ending changed to -ide. Subscripts are used in formulas to indicate how many atoms of each element are present in the compound. 

As we saw in Chapter 3, this transfer of electrons from metal atoms to nonmetal atoms is the general process for the formation of any binary ionic compound from its elements. For example, when sodium chloride is formed from the reaction of metallic sodium with gaseous chlorine, each sodium atom loses an electron, and each chlorine atom gains one. 

Describe the difference between the redox reactions that form binary ionic compounds, such as zinc oxide, from their elements and the similar redox reactions that form molecular compounds, such as nitrogen monoxide, from their elements. (Your description should include the degree to which the electrons are transferred in the reactions.)... 

A binary Ionic compound is one composed of ions from only two elements, one a metal, the other a nonmetal. NaCl, CaF2, and FeCl3 are all binary ionic compounds. Before starting to develop formulas for ionic compounds, it is necessary to know the monatomic ions (ions formed from a single atom) of the common metals and nonmetals. 

You may remember that the names of binary ionic compounds (two elements) always ended in -ide. The -Ide ending tells you it is a binary compound. But there are three exceptions to this rule ... 

Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds contain discrete molecular units. They are usually composed of nonmetallic elements (see Figure 2.8). Many molecular compounds are binary compounds. Naming binary molecular compounds is similar to naming binary ionic compounds. We place the name of the first element in the formula first, and the second element is named by adding -ide to the root of the element name. Some examples are... 

The first member of Group 3A, boron, is a metalloid the rest are metals (Figure 8.16). Boron does not form binary ionic compounds and is unreactive toward oxygen gas and water. The next element, aluminum, readily forms aluminum oxide when exposed to air ... 

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