Electrophoretic chromatography

Thin layers. Electrophoretic studies can also be carried out on thin layers of silica, kieselguhr and alumina. As in TLC studies the studies with these materials offer the same advantages of speed and resolution when compared with paper. These materials find their greatest application in combined electrophoretic-chromatography studies in the two-dimensional separations of proteins and nucleic acid hydrolysates. 

It can use Mg or Mn as activators. The plant enzyme can readily be separated from other metabolic proteins by techniques of ionic salting and ion exchange or electrophoretic chromatography (Ting and Osmond, 1973 a, b). 

E. Heftmann (Ed.), Chromatography Fundamentals and Applications of Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods, 2 volume set, Elsevier Science, New York, 1983. ISBN 0444420452 (set). 

The sulfate is obtained by evaporating the aqueous layer in vacuo. The hydrochloride can be obtained in the same way but using HCl instead of H2SO4. SAM-HCl has a solubility of 10% in H2O. The salts are stable in the cold at pH 4-6 but decompose in alkaline media. [Cantoni Biochem Prep 5 58 1957.] The purity of SAM can be determined by paper chromatography [Cantoni J Biol Chem 204 403 1953 Methods Enzymol 3 601 1957], and electrophoretic methods or enzymic analysis [Cantoni and Vignos J Biol Chem 209 647 1954]. 

Lipoproteins (from human plasma). Individual human plasma lipid peaks were removed from plasma by ultracentrifugation, then separated and purified by agarose-column chromatography. Fractions were characterised immunologically, chemically, electrophoretically and by electron microscopy. [Rudel et al. Biochem J 13 89 1974.]... 

This chapter will first cover the nature of electrophoretic separations, especially those concerning capillary electrophoresis. Comprehensive multidimensional separations will then be defined, specifically in terms of orthogonality and resolution. The history of planar and non-comprehensive electrodriven separations will then be discussed. True comprehensive multidimensional separations involving chromatography and capillary electrophoresis will be described next. Finally, the future directions of these multidimensional techniques will be outlined. 

Figure 9.3 Schematic illustration of the electrophoretic transfer of proteins in the chromatophoresis process. After being eluted from the HPLC column, the proteins were reduced with /3-mercaptoethanol in the protein reaction system (PRS), and then deposited onto the polyacrylamide gradient gel. (PRC, protein reaction cocktail). Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, 443, W. G. Button et al., Separation of proteins by reversed-phase Mgh-performance liquid cliromatography , pp 363-379, copyright 1988, with permission from Elsevier Science.

There are other, nonhydrogel, new materials for chromatographic and electrophoretic separations [7,8,103,164,199,214,377,407], Eor example, Volkmuth and Austin [407] proposed electrophoretic studies in microlithographic arrays of posts and channels etched into sihcon wafers. This material may be useful for studying fundamental transport characteristics of macromolecules in defined media, and many recent studies have been conducted to develop chromatography and electrophoresis on silicon wafers with micron-scale channels... 

Waldmann-Meyer, HK, Protein Ion Equilibria, Total Evaluation of Binding Parameters and Net Charge from the Electrophoretic Mobility as a Function of Ligand Concentration. In Recent Developments in Chromatography and Electrophoresis Frigerio, A McCamish, M, eds. Elsevier Scientific Amsterdam, 1980 Vol. 10, p 125. 

Yiu, Y Locke, BR Van Winkle, DH Rill, RL, Optimizing Capillary Gel Electrophoretic Separations of Oligonucleotides in Liquid Crystalline Pluronic F127, Journal of Chromatography A817, 367, 1998. 

Att eZcven y-cJuiin voA nts, discovered thus far, exhibit a change In electrophoretic mobility, and starch gel electrophoresis Is the recommended method for their detection. Quantitation of the variant can best be done by chromatography on columns of either DEAE-Sephadex or CM-Cellulose. The quantities of some variants In heterozygotes differ greatly. For Instance, the relative amount (expressed In %F /Fxotal) varies from 20-25% (F-Malta-I) to 10-15% (most Y C >aln variants) to 5-6%... 

Heinz body preparations are positive as Is the heat stability test Electrophoretic examination of hemolysate showed the presence of a fast-moving variant which was readily separated from Hb-A by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex The abnormal 3- chain was Isolated by CM-Cellulose chromatography as described before, and converted into the S-2-amlnoethyl (AE) derivative... 

Other purification methods include a liquid phase chromatography, electrophoretic separation by mass spectroscopy, separation using magnetic properties, and so on. These separation methods are limited only for the metal nanoparticles having a special property useful for these purification methods. 

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