Electronic options communicating

Electronic options for Li-ion batteries include the basic functions of monitoring, measuring, calculating, communicating, and controlling the cells in a battery pack. In practice, the battery pack may vary in size both physically and by the number of cells, but each will utilize some of the same electronic functions required to protect the cells and/or ensure their performance in the device. 

The basic functions of monitoring, measuring, calculating, communicating and controlling are a representation of electronic options to enhance the safety and maintain the performance of a collection of cells in a battery pack. Although these functions can he applied to any battery, they are not all required in any particular battery-powered device (Figure 16.1). 

As discussed, there are various electronic options that can be employed with Li-ion cells as they are constructed in to battery packs. The functions of measuring, monitoring, calculating, communicating, and controlling still apply from single-cell Li-ion smartphones to large battery arrays of kWh size. 

Small lithium batteries are commonly used in small, portable electronic devices such as watches, thermometers, calculators, etc., as backup batteries in computers and communication equipment, and in remote-control car locks. They are available in many shapes and sizes, with the common variety being a 3-volt coin -type manganese battery, 20 mm in diameter and 1.6-4 mm thick. The heavy electrical demands of many of these devices make lithium batteries a particularly attractive option. In particular, lithium batteries can easily support the brief and heavy current demands of devices such as digital cameras. They also maintain a higher voltage for a longer period than alkaline cells. 

In terms of electronic publishing, the NLM launched PubMed Central this year in an effort to reduce the time from article submission to publication and to increase the dissemination of new information in the life sciences. PubMed Central eventually will contain two types of data depositories The first will be peer-reviewed content from journals that will partner with NLM to make their content available free to the public and the second depository will contain articles submitted directly by authors. Ideally, PubMed Central would increase the options for researchers and academicians to publish their research. This is a very new concept in medical publishing and it will be exciting to watch how it takes shape in terms of the quality of research articles submitted and the way in which the healthcare community embraces this new source of information. 

The electronic information age is important, and will become more so, but greater impact can be gained by witnessing animals being cultured. Hands-on activities become a hatchery operator s ally in educating groups or individuals about the economic and environmental benefits that their facility brings to the community. The educational component of any hatchery should not be looked upon merely as an option rather it is an important... 

Electronic communication. One of the most dramatic changes in the last decade has been the rapid advance of electronic mail, internet and computer use. This has enormously speeded up communication and expanded the options for presentation, but it has also increased the problems of overload. Electronic commimication has the advantages lliat it is less limited in time and space than face-to-face or telephone communication. E-mail can also be very informal. Well-designed internet and computer-based information is, however, costly and time-consuming to produce. 

Electronic Engineers Master Catalog (EEM) http //www.eem.com (accessed July 28, 2010) IC Master, http //www.icmaster.com (accessed July 28, 2010). Both of these resources are provided by Hearst Business Communications. Registration is required, but is free, and the same registration will work for both resources. The EEM provides information on manufactnrers and snppliers, and the various search options lead to data sheets, inventory listings, and the option to pnrchase components. IC Master offers a searchable collection of... 

Note The data presented in this table were collected in the late 1960s for a spacecraft power system. The tabulated values merely demonstrate a trend in increase in weight as a function of redundant options exercised and mission duration and must not be taken as guaranteed values for other spacecraft or communication satellite or tracking satellite. Power required for stabilization and attitude control mechanisms is significantly greater than power required for onboard electronic sensors and electrical devices. 

However, it is not possible to prevent electronic devices containing a communication or connectivity option from getting directly or indirectly connected to an IP-based network. Off-the-shelf solutions are available for most interfaces and protocols, enabling conversion to Ethernet, WiFi or GSM. Many of those adapters even are equipped with a - very often vulnerable - web server, making any attached device available and thus attackable via the internet. Any present-day vendor producing critical electronic devices would be well advised to consider this possibility. 

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