Electrokinetics enhanced remediation

Saichek RE, Reddy KR (2005a). Electrokinetically enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic compounds in soils A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 35(2) 115-192. 

Saichek RE, Reddy KR (2005) Electrokinetically enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic... 

T0236 Electrokinetic Remediation—General T0237 Electrokinetically Enhanced Bioremediation—General... 

Ko, S.-O. (1998). Electrokinetic/surfactant-enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic pollutants in low permeability subsurface environments. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A M University, College Station, TX. 

Pamukcu S, Wittle JK. (1993). Electrokinetically enhanced in situ soil decontamination. Chapter 13. In Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils (eds. DL Wise, DJ, Trantolo). New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 245-298. 

Kim SO, Moon SH, Kim KW. (2000). Enhanced electrokinetic soil remediation for removal of organic contaminants. Environmental Technology 21(4) 417 26. 

Kessler D, Marsh CP, McCormick JJ, Cropek DM, Deguzman AR, Robles R, Gent D. (2004). Investigation of Cyclodextrin-Enhanced Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Fate and Transport of Nitroaromatic Contaminants and Cyclodextrin Amendments in Expansive Clays. ERDC-CERL TR-04-3. 

Similarly, there are other chemical compounds used to remove organic compounds [17] electrokinetically enhanced persulfate oxidation of PCBs in low-permeability clayey soils, yielding 77.9 % degradation of PCBs with thermal activation after 7 days remediation of 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated soils using electro-kinetic-assisted nano FesOVSaOg processes, with a removal efficiency of more than 96 % after 14 days and degradation of sorbed hexachlorobenzene using an electrokinetic Fenton process. 

When intelligently used, electrokinetic soil remediation methods can be used for remediation of even highly complicated cases of soil pollution, and this is where research is developing. Yetmg and Gu [25] compiled the research literature related to enhancing electrokinetic remediation. Use of enhancement solutions during electrokinetic remediation in order to solubilize the contaminants and keep them in the mobile state is one major research line, and the other is to combine electrokinetic remediation synergisti-cally with other soil remediation techniques. 

T0238 Electrokinetics, Inc., Electrokinetic Soil Cleaning T0239 Electro-Petroleum, Inc., Electrokinetic Treatment T0277 Environmental Remediation Consultants, Inc., Biointegration T0300 ETUS, Inc., Enhanced Bioremediation... 

Pool Process electrokinetic remediation (Pool Process) is a patented, commercially available technology for the removal of heavy metals and other ionic contaminants. The technology uses a series of electrodes placed in contaminated media to recover ionic contaminants in situ or ex situ from soils, muds, groundwater, dredgings, and other materials. The Pool Process can also be used to enhance bioremediation of media contaminated with a combination of ionic and nonionic organic contaminants. 

Puppala SK, Alshawahkeh AN, Acar BY, Gale RJ, and Bricka M. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of high sorption capacity soil. J Hazard Mater 1997 55 203-220. 

Reddy, K. R., and Chinthamreddy, S. (2003b). Sequentially enhanced electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals in low buffering clayey soils. J. Geotechnol. Geoenviron. Eng. 129(3), 263-277. 

Electrochemical remediation is also referred as electrokinetics, electrokinetic remediation, electroremediation, electroreclamation, and other such terms in the published literature. It should be noted here that when water alone is used at the electrodes, the process is known as unenhanced electrochemical remediation. However, when enhancement strategies (such as using conditioning solutions and ion exchange membranes at the electrodes) are used, then the process is known as enhanced electrochemical remediation. 

Khodadoust AP, Reddy KR, Narla O. (2006). Cyclodextrin-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of soils contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluene. ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering 132(9) 1043-1050. 

Pazos M, Ricart MT, Sanroman MA, Cameselle C. (2007). Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of polluted kaolinite with an azo dye. Electrochimica Acta 52(10) 3393-3398. 

Reddy KR, Ala PR, Sharma S, Kumar SN. (2006). Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of contaminated manufactured gas plant soil. Engineering Geology 85(1-2) 132-146. 

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