Surfactants enhanced remediation

Sahoo D, JA Smith, TE Imbrigiotta, HM Mclallan (1998) Surfactant-enhanced remediation of a trichloroeth-ene-contaminated aquifer. 2. Transport of TCE. Environ Sci Technol 32 1686-1693. 

Mulligan CN, Youg RN, Gibbs BF. Surfactant-enhanced remediation of contaminated soil a review. Eng. Geol. 2001 60 371-382. 

Ko, S.-O. (1998). Electrokinetic/surfactant-enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic pollutants in low permeability subsurface environments. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A M University, College Station, TX. 

Ko, S.-O., and Schlautman, M.A. (1998). Partihoning ofhydrophobic organic compounds to sorbed surfactants. 2. Model development/predictions for surfactant-enhanced remediation applications. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32,2776-2781. 

Sahoo, D., Smith, J.A., Imbrigiotta, T.E., and McLellan, H.M. (1998). Surfactant-enhanced remediation of a trichloroethene-contaminated aquifer 2. Transport ofTCE. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1686-1693. 

The results presented in this section indicate that all surfactants may not be suitable for surfactant-enhanced desorption. Multiple factors may influence the suitability of a surfactant for surfactant-enhanced desorption. These factors have been discussed previously. It is clear that additional research is needed to better understand how surfactant molecular structure and soil composition/chemistry affect the rate of solute desorption. However, the results presented in this chapter and in other studies indicate that surfactant-enhanced remediation of aquifers is a promising technology that needs to be explored. 

Key words hydrophobic oils equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) surfactant-enhanced remediation... 

Thus, surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation is a mature technology for remediating hydrophilic NAPL, as displayed at the field level. These successful field demonstrations provide encouragement for further evaluation of hydrophobic oils with a similar goal of field deployment. To this end, the current research evaluated laboratory batch and column studies for surfactant enhanced remediation of hydrophobic oil contamination, including phase behavior studies, column studies, and evaluating separation... 

In summary, research reported in this chapter illustrates not only the complexity of surfactant enhanced remediation of hydrophobic NAPLs, but also demonstrates the ability of properly designed surfactant systems to effectively remediate these hydrophobic oils (EACN of 10-20). Future research will further evaluate this area, including field studies. This research also explored surfactant systems for attacking even more hydrophobic, low viscosity NAPLs (EACNs)20). Addressing the highly hydrophobic oils (EACNs))20) and highly viscous oils may require combined approaches, (i.e., surfactants plus alcohols/solvents and/or temperature) such will also be the focus of future research. 

Pennell, K. D. Jin. M. Abriola, L. M. Pope, G.A. "Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of Soil Columns Contaminated by Residual Tetrachloroethylene." J. Contam. Hydrol. 1994 16, 35-53. 

Pennell, K.D., Jin, M., Abriola, L.M., and Pope, G.A. (1994). Surfactant enhanced remediation of soil columns contaminated by residual tetrachloroethylene. J. Contain. Hydrol., 16,35-53. 

Taylor, T,P. (1999). Characterization and Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of Organic Contaminants in Saturated Porous Media. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technolgy, Atlanta, GA. 

Surfactant enhancement is a technology used to remove contaminants from soils and water at hazardous waste sites. The application of surfactants enhances remediation by (a) increasing contaminant mobility and solubility, (b) decreasing the mobility of contaminants, and (c) increasing the rate of biodegradion of contaminants in soil. 

Zhang, R., Wood, A.L., Enfield, C.G. and Jeong, S.-W. (2003) Stochastical analysis of surfactant-enhanced remediation of denser-than-water nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-contaminated soils. /. Environ. Qual, 32(3), 957-965. 

LaForce, T. and Johns, R.T. (2005) Analytical solutions for surfactant-enhanced remediation of nonaqueous phase liquids. Water Resour. Res., 41(10), W10420. 

Ko SL, Schlautman MA, Carraway ER. (1999). Partitioning of hydrophobic organic compounds to hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrin Experimental studies and model predictions for surfactant-enhanced remediation applications. Environmental Science and Technology 33(16) 2765-2770. 

Finkel, M. Liedl, R. Teutsch, G. (1999) Modelling surfactant-enhanced remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environment Modelling Software 14, 203-211. 

Brown, C.L. Delshad, M. Dwarakanath, V. McKinney, D.C. Pope, G.A. Design of a Field-Scale Surfactant Enhanced Remediation of a DNAPL Contaminated Aquifer. Presented at the I EC Special Symposium, American Chemical Society, Birmingham, AL, September 9-12, 1996. 

Jin, M., 1995. Surfactant Enhanced Remediation and Interwell Partitioning Tracer Test for Characterization of NAPL Contaminated Aquifers. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. 

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