Electrokinetic devices

The surface and bulk electrohydrodynamic recirculation, while having the usual advantages of electrokinetic devices wherein mechanically moving parts are absent, also benefit from low field penetration into the liquid given that the... 

Artificial muscles (actuators) responding mainly to an electric field, E (electromechanical and electrokinetic devices)... 

Mapping of transport parameters in complex pore spaces is of interest for many respects. Apart from classical porous materials such as rock, brick, paper and tissue, one can think of objects used in microsystem technology. Recent developments such as lab-on-a-chip devices require detailed knowledge of transport properties. More detailed information can be found in new journals such as Lab on a Chip [1] and Microfluidics and Nanofluidics [2], for example, devoted especially to this subject. Electrokinetic effects in microscopic pore spaces are discussed in Ref. [3]. 

Kutter, J. P., Jacobson, S. C., and Ramsey, J. M. (1997). Integrated microchip device with electrokinetically controlled solvent mixing for isocratic and gradient elution in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal. Chem. 69, 5165-5171. 

Efforts toward integrating SPE onto a lab-on-a-chip device are currently being investigated by the Collins group. Two complementary approaches are being pursued. One approach is to use small-diameter, Cl8 functionalized silica beads that are packed into a microchannel to form an extraction bed [46], A sample solution containing trace levels of explosives is electrokinetically directed across the microcolumn bed, causing the hydrophobic explosive molecules to adsorb onto the stationary phase with nearly 100% efficiency. Subsequently,... 

Ermakov, S. V., S. C. Jacobson, and J. M. Ramsey. Computer simulations of electrokinetic injection techniques in microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem. 72, 3512-3517 (2000). 

Ramsey, J. D. and G. E. Collins. Integrated microfluidic device for solid-phase extraction coupled to micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation. Anal. Chem. 77, 6664-6670 (2005). 

Sample injection in NCE is very important for reproducible results with low limits of detection. In spite of some development in NCE very little effort has been made to develop sample injection devices in this technique. Of course sample injection in NCE is a challenging job due to small volume requirement [87], The controlled injection of small amounts of sample is a prerequisite for successful analysis in NCE. Electrokinetic injection (based on electroosmotic flow) is the preferred method and Jacobson et al. [88] optimized sample injection using this approach. Pinched injection allowing injection in minute quantities [89,90] and double-T shaped fluidic channels [91] have also been used for this purpose. Furthermore, Jacobson et al. [92] used a single high voltage source to simplify instrumentation. Similarly Zhang and Manz [93] developed a narrow sample channel injector to improve... 

It is customary, mainly owing to fabrication needs, that for biological applications chip-like systems with two-layer construction are used, thus being in-plane. Mixers used for the same purposes have to adjust to this fact. Since multi-lamination typically needs several layers to achieve the proper feeding pathways, other mixers with simpler designs such as the electrokinetic instability mixer need to be applied [25], In contrast, chemical applications, where the mixer is only associated with part of the plant and not integrated in a small, flat device, do not pose such preferences indeed, multi-layer microfabrication architectures have been used. 

Mixer 3 [M 3] Electrokinetic Instability Electroosmotic Flow Micro Mixer, First-generation Device... 

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