Gallium, electrodeposition

Chandra S, Khare N (1987) Electrodeposition gallium arsenide film I. Preparation, structural, optical ad electrical studies. Semicond Ci. Technol 2 214... 

Cachet H, Cortes R, Froment M, Mamin G (1999) Epitaxial growth of electrodeposited cadmium selenide on (111) gallium arsenide. Philos Mag Lett 79/10 837-840 Muthuvel M, Stickney JL (2006) CdTe Electrodeposition on InP(lOO) via Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy (EC-ALE) Studies Using UHV-EC. Langmuir 22 5504-5508 Streltsov EA, Osipovich NP, Ivashkevich LS, Lyakhov AS (1999) Effect of Cd(ll) on electrodeposition of textured PbSe. Electrochim Acta 44 2645-2652 Beaunier L, Cachet H, Cortes R, Froment M (2000) Electrodeposition of PbSe epitaxial films on (111) InP. Electrochem Commun 2 508-510... 

Recendy, ID quantum dots of gallium selenide with average diameter 8-10 nm, connected in the form of chains of average length 50-60 nm, were synthesized on rro substrates by cathodic electrodeposition from acidic aqueous solutions of gallium(III) nitrate and selenious acid [186], The structural analysis from XRD patterns revealed the formation of Ga2Se3/GaSe composition. The films were found to be photoactive in aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and showed p-type conductivity. 

Gujar TP, Shinde VR, Park JW, Lee HK, Jung KD, Joo OS (2008) Electrodeposition of photoactive ID gallium selenide quantum dots. Electrochim Acta 54 829-834... 

The electrodeposition of gallium is of interest for its extraction and purification and for the production of III-V semiconductors. Sun et al. were the first to report the electrodeposition of gallium from Lewis acidic aluminum chloride-1 -ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride melts (ratio 60 40 mol%) on tungsten and glassy carbon in 1999 [14] The Ga(I) species was introduced by anodization of the gallium metal. 

Elemental gallium has been electrodeposited from chlorogallate ionic liquids formed between [EMIM]Q and GaClj [112], The direct electrodeposition of GaAs from ionic liquids was studied mainly by two groups. Wicelinski et al. [113] used an acidic chloroaluminate liquid to co-deposit Ga and As. However, it was reported... 

Derivation Extraction of gallium as gallium chloride by ethyl ether or isopropyl ether and subsequent electrodeposition from an alkaline gallium oxide solution. 

Pauporte T. and Lincot D. (1999), Heteroepitaxial electrodeposition of zinc oxide films on gallium nitride , Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3817-3819. 

Callium Elemental gallium can be electrodeposited from both chloroaluminate [17] and chlorogallate [18] ionic liquids. In the latter case l-ethyl-3-methylimidazohum chloride was mixed with GaQs, thus giving a highly corrosive ionic liquid that was studied for GaAs thin film electrodeposition. In the chloroaluminates Ga can be deposited from Lewis acidic systems. It was found that the electroreduction from... 

The direct electrodeposition of GaAs from ionic liquids has been studied mainly by two groups. Wicelinski et al. [66] used an acidic chloroaluminate melt at 35-40 °C to co-deposit Ga and As. However, it was reported that Al underpotential deposition occurs on Ga. Carpenter et al. employed an ionic liquid that was based on GaQs to which AsQs was added [18,67]. Unfortunately, in these studies the quality of the deposits was not convincing and both pure arsenic and gallium could be found in the deposits. Nevertheless, these studies have to be regarded as the first steps in the electrodeposition of Ga-based semiconductors. Furthermore, thermal annealing could improve the quality of the deposits. 

In2Se3/Cu Sey stacks have been electrodeposited and annealed by Hermann et al. [101]. Additionally this group has managed to incorporate gallium into an indium gallium selenide layer by using solutions saturated in chloride ions to stabilize the gallium [102]. 

Perrault GG (1989) Thermodynamics of gallium arsenide electrodeposition. J Electrochem Soc 136 2845... 

Mengoli G, Musiani MM, Paolucci F (1991) Synthesis of indium antimonide (InSb) and indium gallium antimonide (In Gai. Sb) thin films from electrodeposited elemental layers. J Appl Electrochem 21 863... 

Gallium and Cu/Ga alloys. The electrodeposition of galhum and copper-gallium alloys was checked to prepare semiconductors for use in thin solar cells. In this sense, Shivagan et al. reported die eleclrodeposition of (Cu-In-5Ga)-Se in the eutectic mixture ChCl/Urea. Gallium can be also deposited over a Mo electrode in a reversible process, as recently reported by Dale and co-workers. ... 

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